Gastrodia motuoensis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae), a new species of mycoheterotrophic plant from Xizang, China, based on morphological and molecular evidence Author Wang, Hanchen 0000-0002-4690-8052 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China & China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China wanghanchen@ibcas.ac.cn Author Jin, Xiaohua 0000-0002-9987-5602 State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China & China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China xiaohuajin@ibcas.ac.cn text Phytotaxa 2025 2025-07-17 710 3 283 289 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8 journal article 311874 10.11646/phytotaxa.710.3.5 e56f25ba-7d62-4416-9425-3de5c71e804e 1179-3163 16715130

TABLE 2. Morphological comparison among Gastrodia motuoensis and its allies.

Character	G. motuoensis sp. nov.	G. theana	G. sikkimensis	G. albida	G. nipponica
Perianth tube	12-13 mm long, half opening, brownish to brown, margin slightly dentate, outer surface sparsely verrucose, more prominently so along midribs of lateral sepals	Approximately 12 mm long, hardly opening, whitish, margin entire, outer surface verrucose, distinctly striated	Approximately 10 mm long, hardly opening, brownish, margin entire, sparsely verrucose towards apex, distinctly striated	Approximately 12 mm long, not widely opening, whitish to brownish, margin entire, outer surface distinctly verrucose	18-24 mm long, half opening, dark brown, margin entire, outer surface verrucose
Sepals	Subsimilar, free parts broadly triangular, lateral ones fused for 1/2-2/3 of their length	Subsimilar, free parts incurved at tips, lateral ones fused for 1/4-1/3 of their length	Dorsal sepal longer than lateral ones, lateral ones fused for>4/5 of their length	Subsimilar, free parts incurved at tips, lateral ones fused for 1/6-1/5 of their length	Subsimilar, free parts ovate-triangular, retuse or obtuse at apex, lateral ones fused for ca. 2/3 of their length
Petals	Fused with sepals for 2/3 of their length, free parts broadly triangular, slightly smaller than sepals	Fused with sepals for>9/10 of their length; free parts narrowly triangular, much smaller than sepals	Fused with sepals for>4/5 of their length, free parts triangular-ovate, much smaller than sepals	Fused with sepals for>4/5 of their length, free parts ovate-oblong, shorter than and ca. 1/3 the width of sepals	Fused with sepals for ca. 3/4 of their length, free parts ovate to ellipse, smaller than sepals
Lip	Brownish to whitish, longer than column, disc non-nerved, with a pair of parallel longitudinal lamellae stretching from base to middle part, apex shortly caudate	Green to salmon-red, shorter than column, disc with thick short keel-like median callus near apex, apex acute or acuminate	Brown to green, shorter than column, disc 5-7 nerved, with two ridges arising from base to epichile and divergent at apex, apex acute	Whitish to reddish, shorter than column, disc thickened and 2-ridged at middle, apex acute to subobtuse	Whitish to reddish, sebequal in length to column, disc 4-6 ridged, margin slightly undulate, apex ligulate
Column	Mostly whitish, lateral wings bent inwards, up to 2 mm wide each, with rounded tips parallel to anther, stigma positioned at middle of column	White, short, lateral wings narrow, with acuminate tips inferior to anther, stigma positioned near base of column	Whitish, lateral wings bent inwards, ca. 1 mm wide, with acuminate tips superior to anther, stigma positioned at base of column	White, lateral wings narrow, parallel to column, with acuminate tips superior to anther, stigma, stigma positioned near base of column	White to reddish brown, lateral wings narrow, parallel to column, up to 1 mm wide each, with acute tips parallel to anther, stigma positioned at base of column