Sokatra, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Late Cretaceous, Madagascar) and the Diversification of the Main Groups of Pelomedusoides Author Gaffney, Eugene S. Author Krause, David W. text American Museum Novitates 2011 2011-12-22 2011 3728 1 28 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/3728.2 journal article 5876 10.1206/3728.2 b4333e51-45f4-472e-ac99-2f095816f254 0003-0082 4597949

Table 2. Comparison of Sokatra and other Pelomedusoides

	Pelomedusidae	Araripemys	Sokatra	Euraxemydidae	Bothremydidae	Podocnemididae
Temporal emargination	extensive	extensive	extensive	slight to moder- ate	slight (except in Kurmademydini)	slight
Parietal-quadratojugal contact	absent	absent	absent	present	present (absent in Kurmademydini)	present
Quadratojugal-squamo- sal contact	present	present	absent	present	present (absent in Kurmademydini)	present
Accessory triturating ridge	absent to small	absent	large	present but small	present and absent	present and absent
Columellae auris and eustachian tube sepa- rated by bone	no	no	no	no	yes	no
Incisura columellae auris enclosing colu- mellae auris and eustachian tube by bone	yes	no	yes	no	no	yes
Partial wall behind columellae auris	absent	absent	present	absent	absent, stapedial canal in different position	absent
Foramen posterius canalis carotici interni	prootic and basisphenoid	prootic	quadrate and pro- otic	pterygoid, basi- sphenoid and prootic	variable but not in prootic	variable but not in prootic
Pterygoid forms at least part of foramen poste- rius canalis carotici interni	no	no	no	yes	yes	yes
Fossa precolumellaris	deep	deep	deep	shallow	absent (except in Kurmademydini)	present, usually deep
Quadrate-basioccipital contact	absent	absent	?	absent	present	present
Foramen jugulare pos- terius	closed	variable	open	open	closed and open	closed
Exoccipital-quadrate contact	absent	absent	present	present	present	absent
Prootic covered ven- trally	no	no	in part	in part	yes	yes
Processus interfenestra- lis covered ventrally	no	no	yes	yes	yes	yes
Opisthotic projects posteriorly beyond squamosal	yes	yes	yes	yes	no	yes
Basisphenoid-quadrate contact	narrow	absent	narrow	absent	narrow and wide	wide
Prootic-quadrate contact	present	present	present	present	absent	absent
Condylus occipitalis	exoccipital	exoccipital and basioc- cipital	exoccipi- tal and basioc- cipital	exoccipital and basioccipital	exoccipital alone, exoccipital and basioccipital	exoccipital and basioccipital