The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phytochemicals and plant-based pesticides Author Sousa, Rose Marie O. F. * & Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S / n, 4169 - 007, Porto, Portugal & * & GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production, Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S / n, 4169 - 007, & * & CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Tr´as-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000 - 801, Vila Real, Author Cunha, Ana C. Author Fernandes-Ferreira, Manuel text Phytochemistry 2021 112714 2021-07-31 187 1 32 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112714 journal article 264206 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112714 e3e91315-78c8-4c81-a4b2-3ef0db8eb3dc 1873-3700 8259087

Table 2 Major volatile constituents of essential oils collected from Apiaceae species.

Species	Part	Relative content of major	Reference
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Ap, aerial part; Fr, fruit; Fw, Inflorescence; Hrb, Herb; Inf, infrutescence; Lf, leaf; Plt-ogr, plant oleo gum-resin; Rt, root; St, Stem; Ub, umbel; Rz, rhizome.
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
Amni visnaga	–	Linalool (32), isoamyl 2-	Khadhri et al. (2011)
		methyl butyrate (36),
		isopentyl isovalerate (15)
Anethum graveolens	Fw	(R)-Limonene (36),	G´ora et al. (2002)
		α- phellandrene, dill ether
		(15)
	Fr	Limonene (42),	G´ora et al. (2002)
		α- phellandrene (23), (S)-
		carvone (22)
	Ap	α- Phellandrene (59),	Evergetis et al.
		β- phellandrene (7), methyl	(2013)
		eugenol (29)
	Ap	α- Phellandrene (32),	Rana and Blazquez
		apiole (15), dill ether (13),	(2014)
		limonene (12), geraniol
		(11)
Angelica	Fr	α- Pinene (14–41),	Sigurdsson et al.
archangelica		β- phellandrene (0–55)	(2005)
	Rt	α- Pinene (21), δ-3-carene	Fraternale et al.
		(17), limonene (16),	(2014)
		α- phellandrene (9)
Anthriscus caucalis	Ap	β- Bisabolene (28),	Lai et al. (2018)
		germacrene D (19), (Z, E)-
		α -farnesene (17),
		γ- muurolene (7)
A. nemorosa	Rt	n -Nonane (12), n -	Pavlovi´c et al. (2011)
		hexadecanol (7),
		δ- cadinene (6), β- pinene
		(6), germacrene D (5)
A. sylvestris	Rt	β- Phellandrene (45), (Z)-	Bos et al. (2002)
		β- ocimene (17), α- pinene
		(5)
	Lf	β- Phellandrene (39),	Bos et al. (2002)
		β- myrcene (17), sabinene
		(6), trans -sabinyl acetate
		(8), (Z)-β- ocimene (5)
Apium graveolens	Fr	D-Limonene (60), selinene	Pitasawat et al.
		(10)	(2007)
A. graveolens var.	Lf	(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide	Sellami et al. (2012)
dulce		(28–38), 3-butyl-4,5-dihy-
		drophthalide (34–41),
		α- thujene (8–10)
	Rt	(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide	Sellami et al. (2012)
		(31–52), 3-butyl-4,5-dihy-
		drophthalide (12–13),
		α- thujene (7–12)
Artedia squamata	Ap	α- Pinene (58), camphene	Bagci and Dogan
		(9), β- myrcene (6), δ-3-	(2015)
		carene (5), limonene (5)
Athamantha densa	Ap	Unknown (20),	Evergetis et al.
	+	β- bisabolene (13),	(2012)
	Fw	unidentified alkaloid (12),
		β- pinene (9), unidentified
		alkaloid (9)
Azorella spinosa	Ap	Tricyclene (11–17),	Jara-Bermeo et al.
		limonene (11–12),	(2016)
		sabinene (9–11),
γ- gurjenene (6–8)
Bifora testiculata	Ap	2-Dodecen-1-al (56), trans -	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	2-tridecenal (16),	(2015)
heptadecanal (14)
Bilacunaria	Fr	α- Pinene (26), camphene	Kürkçüoglu (2016)
anatolica		(19), β- caryophyllene (10),
		limonene (6), myrcene (6)
	Ap	α- Pinene (29),	Kürkçüoglu (2016)
		caryophyllene oxide (13),
		camphene (11),
		β- caryophyllene (10),
		spathulenol (8)
Bunium persicum	Fr	γ- Terpinene (44),	Oroojalian et al.
		cuminaldehyde (17),	(2010)
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
		γ- terpinen-7-al (11), p -
		cymene (8)
Bupleurum	Fr	β- Pinene (39), α- pinene	Chizzola (2008)
fruticosum		(35), β- phellandrene (7)
	Ap	β- Pinene (38), α- pinene	Evergetis et al.
		(29), limonene (22)	(2009)
Cachrys cristata	Ap	Myrcene (54),	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	bicyclogermacrene (16),	(2015)
germacrene D (15),
β- caryophyllene (5)
C. ferulacea	Ap	γ- Terpinene (27),	Evergetis et al.
		β- phellandrene (16),	(2013)
		α- pinene (10), p -cymene
		(7), α- terpinolene (9), E-
		β- ocimene (9)
Carum carvi	Fr	Carvone (33), limonene	Pitasawat et al.
		(17), γ- terpinene (17)	(2007)
	Fr	Carvone (40), limonene	de Almeida et al.,
		(14), β- pinene (7)	2010
	Fr	(S)-(+)-carvone (56),	Yeom et al. (2012)
		limonene (27)
C. graecum subsp.	Lf	Dillapiole (29),	Radulovic´et al.
g raecum		germacrene D (17),	(2010)
		β- selinene (12),
		germacrene B (8),
		α- selinene (5)
C. montanum	Ap	Nothoapiole (63),	Laouer et al. (2009)
		dillapiole (9), α- humulene
		(7)
C. nigrum	Fr	Dillapiole (30),	Singh et al. (2006a)
germacrene B (21),
β- caryophyllene (8),
β- selinene (7), nothoapiole
		(6)
Chaerophyllum	Ap	cis -Ocimene (24),	Evergetis et al.
aromaticum		α- terpinolene (12), p -	(2013)
		cymene (7), γ- terpinene
		(7), β- sesquiphellandrene
		(7)
	Ap	cis -Ocimene (60), trans -	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	ocimene (8), myrcene (6),	(2015)
		β- pinene (6)
C. heldreichii	Ap	Sabinene (72),	Evergetis et al.
	+	β- phellandrene (11)	(2012)
	Fw
Cnidium officinale	–	cis -Butylidene phthalide	Choi et al. (2002)
		(33), 3-butyl phthalide
		(21), cis -3-isobutylidene
phthalide (10), terpinen-4-
		ol (8)
Conium maculatum	Lf	Germacrene D (41), (E)-	Radulovic´et al.
		β- ocimene (22), (Z)-	(2008)
β- ocimene (7), (E)-
		Nerolidol (5)
	Fw	Germacrene D (27), (Z)-	Radulovic´et al.
		β- ocimene (14), (E)-	(2008)
		β- ocimene (8)
	Inf	1-Butylpiperidine (26),	Di Napoli et al.
		myrcene (24), (E)-	(2018)
		caryophyllene (9), (Z)-
β- ocimene (7), germacrene
		D (5)
Coriandrum sativum	Fr	Linalool (88)	Msaada et al. (2007)
	Fr	Linalool (68), γ- terpinene	Grosso et al. (2010)
		(7)
Conopodium	Ap	α- Pinene (38), sabinene	Evergetis et al.
capillifolium	+	(29)	(2009)
	Fw
Crithmum	Ap	Dillapiole (56), γ- terpinene	Pavela et al. (2017)
maritimum		(14), thymol methyl ether
(12), sabinene (5)
	Ap		Pavela et al. (2017)
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
		Limonene (38), γ- terpinene
(20), sabinene (12),
		dillapiole (8)
	Fw	γ- Terpinene (46), thymol	Pavela et al. (2017)
methyl ether (33), p -
		cymene (12)
	Lf	Thymol methyl ether	Pavela et al. (2017)
(47–43), γ- terpinene
		(36–46), p -cymene (10–6)
Cuminum cyminum	Fr	Cuminaldehyde (30), p -	Oroojalian et al.
		cymene (14), γ- terpinene	(2010)
		(13), safranal (9), β- pinene
		(6)
	Rt	Bornyl acetate (24), diepi-	Bettaieb et al. (2010)
		α- cedrene (18), β- pinene
		(13), hexadecanoic acid
(10), camphor (6),
		citronellal (6)
	Fw	γ- Terpinene (52), 1-	Bettaieb et al. (2010)
		phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
		(13), cuminaldehyde (9),
		α- phellandrene (8),
		β- pinene (7)
	Fr	γ- Terpinene (26), 1-	Bettaieb et al. (2011)
		phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
		(23), cuminaldehyde (15),
		p -cymene (9)
	Fr	p -Cymene (27),	Yeom et al. (2012)
cuminaldehyde (17),
		γ- terpinene (16), β- pinene
		(9)
Daucus carota	Fr	Carotol (67), daucene (9),	Ozcan and Chalchat
		(Z, Z)-α- farnesene (6)	(2007)
	Fr	Geranyl acetate (53)	Radulovic´et al.
			(2011)
	Fr	Carotol (86)	Seo et al. (2015)
	Um	α- Pinene (33), β- pinene	Muruti et al. (2019)
	+	(26), borneol (10),
	Fw	myrcene (6), limonene (6),
		γ- terpinene (6)
D. carota subsp.	Hrb	α- Pinene (30), sabinense	Staniszewska et al.
carota		(30), terpinen-4-ol (6)	(2005)
	Fw	α- Pinene (42), sabinense	Staniszewska et al.
		(20)	(2005)
	Fr	Geranyl acetate (65),	Maxia et al. (2009)
		α- pinene (13)
	Fr	β- bisabolene (51), E-	Maxia et al. (2009)
		methyl isoeugenol (10),
		11αH-himachal-4-en-1-
		β- ol (9)
D. carota subsp.	Um	Elemicin (31), sabinene	Tavares et al. (2008)
halophilus		(29), α- pinene (12),
		limonene (6)
D. crinitus	Ap	Isochavicol isobutyrate	Lanfranchi et al.
	+	(39), octyl acetate (12),	(2010)
	Fw	isochavicol 2-methylbuty-
		rate (7)
D. gingidium subsp.	Lf	Sabinene (27), α- pinene	Flamini et al. (2007)
gingidium		(11), germacrene D (7),
		limonene (6)
	Fr	Sabinene (61), α- pinene	Flamini et al. (2007)
		(12)
D. guttatus subsp.	Ap	Apiole (43), β- bisabolene	Radulovic´et al.
zahariadii	+ Fr	(34)	(2011)
D. muricatus	Rt	Eicosane (19), undecan-2-	Bendiabdellah et al.
		one (10), tridecanol (6)	(2012)
	Um	Limonene (22), α- pinene	Bendiabdellah et al.
		(22), trans -sabinyl acetate	(2012)
		(12)
D. sahariensis	Ap	Myristicin (52), α- pinene	Flamini et al. (2013)
	+ Fr	(12), limonene (12),
		myrcene (7)
	Fw		Tavares et al. (2010)
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
Distichoselinum		Myrcene (77), limonene
tenuifolium		(6)
	Um	Myrcene (85)	Tavares et al. (2010)
Echinophora spinosa	Ap	α- Phellandrene (38), p -	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	cymene (29),	(2015)
β- phellandrene (10)
	Rt	Myristicin (41),	Pavela et al. (2018)
		terpinolene (22), (Z)-
		falcarinol (23)
	Ap	α- Phellandrene (47), p -	Pavela et al. (2018)
		cymene (26),
β -phellandrene (8),
		(3 E,5 E)-2,6-dimethylocta-
1,3,5,7-tetraene (6)
	Rt	Myristicin (47),	Pavela et al. (2019a)
		terpinolene (34), (Z)-
		falcarinol (9)
	Ap	p -Cymene (36),	Pavela et al. (2019a)
		α- phellandrene (22),
		α- pinene (14),
		β- phellandrene (7)
Eleoselinum	Ap	Sabinene (35), α- pinene	Evergetis et al.
asclepium	+	(27)	(2009)
Fw
Eryngium	Lf	β- Sesquiphellandrene (44),	Hashemabadi et al.
caucasicum (syn.		limonene (18),	(2010)
E. caeruleum)		β- bisabolene (6), pulegone
		(5), cubebene (5)
	Lf	5-Methyl-2-pyrimidone	Hashemabadi et al.
		(54), β- sesquiphellandrene	(2010)
		(11), β- bisabolene (7)
E. planum	Rt	(Z)-Falcarinol (64), 2,3,4-	Thiem et al. (2011)
		trimethylbenzaldehyde
		(17)
	Fw	cis -Chrysanthenyl acetate	Thiem et al. (2011)
		(43), α- pinene (11)
E. triquetrum	Rt	Falcarinol (92)	Medbouhi et al.
			(2018)
	Fw	Falcarinol (40), octanal	Medbouhi et al.
		(29), nonanal (6)	(2018)
	Ap	Falcarinol (64–91), octanal	Medbouhi et al.
		(1–13)	(2018)
Ferula assa-foetida	Ap	1-Methylpropyl (1 E)-prop-	Kanani et al. (2011)
		1-en-1-yl (33), α- pinene
		(11), β- pinene (6),
		germacrene B (6)
	St +	(E)- sec -Butyl propenyl	Muruti et al. (2018)
	Rt	disulfide (30), (Z)- sec -butyl
		propenyl disulfide (24),
		methyl 1-(methylthio)
		propyl disulfide (22), allyl
		disulphide (7)
	Plt-	(Z)- sec -Butyl propenyl	Pavela et al. (2020a)
	ogr	disulfide (46), (E)- sec -butyl
		propenyl disulfide (30),
		(Z)- sec -butyl propenyl
		trisulfide (12), (E)- sec -
		butyl propenyl trisulfide
		(5)
F. communis	Ap	Dehydro-sesquicineole	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	(46), β- caryophyllene (9)	(2015)
	Lf	β- Eudesmol (13),	Rahali et al. (2016)
		γ- terpinene (7),
		germacrene B (7), guaiol
		(7)
	Lf	α- Eudesmol (12), α- pinene	Rahali et al. (2016)
		(5), ar-curcumene (5),
		cadinene (5), γ- terpinene
		(5)
F. diversivittata	Ap	Verbenone (69), ar -	Kanani et al. (2011)
		curcumenene (6)
F. heuffelli	Rz	Elemicin (35), myristicin	Pavlovi´c et al. (2012)
		(21)
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
F. foetida	Ap	2,3,4-Trimethylthiophene	Kanani et al. (2011)
		(49), 2,5-diethylthiophene
		(28) elemicine (8)
F. gummosa	Plt-	β- Pinene (57), β- acorenone	Tabari et al. (2019)
	ogr	(11), unknown sesquiterpene M + 204 (7),
		β- cedrene (6)
	Plt-	α- Pinene (33),	Pavela et al. (2020a)
	ogr	β- phellandrene (18),
		β- pinene (15), α- thujene
		(5)
F. latisecta	Ap	1-Methylpropyl (1 Z)-prop-	Kanani et al. (2011)
		1-en-1-yl disulfide (89)
F. oopoda	Ap	α- Terpinyl acetate (79),	Kanani et al. (2011)
		sabinene (18)
F. orientalis	Ap	Nonane (46), 2-methyloc-	Kanani et al. (2011)
		tane (19)
F. ovina	Ap	α- Pinene (61–69)	Kanani et al. (2011)
Ferulago angulata	Fr	(Z)-β- ocimene (20),	Moghaddam et al.
		α- pinene (16), p -cymene	(2018)
		(8), sabinene (8),
β- phellandrene (6)
F. bracteata	Ap	7-Methoxy-6-(3-methyl- 2-	Karakaya et al.
		butenyl)-coumarin (87),	(2019)
		hexadecanoic acid (5)
	Fw	α- Phellandrene (23),	Karakaya et al.
		bornyl acetate (13),	(2019)
		α- pinene (12), δ-3-carene
		(10), β- phellandrene (7),
		limonene (6), p -cymene (6)
	Rt	Hexadecanoic acid (40),	Karakaya et al.
		(E)-2-decenal (14), octanal	(2019)
(6), spathulenol (6),
		pentadecanoic acid (5)
F. pachyloba	Ap	Sabinene (16), (Z)-	Karakaya et al.
		β- ocimene (15),	(2019)
		spathulenol (7), α- pinene
		(6), bornyl acetate (6), p -
		cymene (6)
	Fw	(Z)-β- Ocimene (28),	Karakaya et al.
		sabinene (26), myrcene	(2019)
(10), terpinolene (8)
	Fr	Bicyclogermacrene (11),	Karakaya et al.
		(Z)-β- ocimene (10),	(2019)
		myrcene (9), spathulenol
(9), δ- cadinene (6)
	Rt	Hexadecanoic acid (15),	Karakaya et al.
		(E)-2-decenal (14),	(2019)
		caryophyllene oxide (8),
		spathulenol (6)
F. phialocarpa	Ap	α- Pinene (43), 2,4,5-tri-	Ghorbanpour et al.
		methyl-benzaldehyde (17),	(2016)
		cis -chrysanthenyl acetate
		(6), trans -caryophyllene
		(6)
F. trachycarpa	Ap	Spathulenol (25), (Z)-	Karakaya et al.
		β- ocimene (14), bornyl	(2019)
		acetate (11),
		bicyclogermacrene (10),
		α- pinene (7)
	Fr	Spathulenol (33),	Karakaya et al.
		bicyclogermacrene (23),	(2019)
germacrene D (10)
	Rt	(E)-2-Decenal (12), octanal	Karakaya et al.
		(9)	(2019)
F. trifida	Ap	Isobornyl acetate (26),	Tavakoli et al.
		trans -verbenol (10), (E)-	(2017)
		caryophyllene (9)
F. sylvatica	Fw	Myrcene (29), δ-3-carene	Stamenkovic´et al.
		(21), γ- terpinene (12), p -	(2019)
		mentha-2,4 (8)-diene (7),
		α- pinene (6)
	Rt
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
		2,3,6-Trimethyl	Stamenkovi´c et al.
		benzaldehyde (93), 2,3,4-	(2019)
		trimethyl benzaldehyde
		(5)
Foeniculum vulgare	Fr	trans -Anethole (70),	Singh et al. (2006b)
		fenchone (9)
	Fr	trans -Anethole (86),	Pitasawat et al.
		estragole (5), D-limonene	(2007)
		(4), p -anisaldehyde (3)
	Fr	trans -Anethole (69),	Ntalli et al. (2011)
		limonene (9), estragole (8)
F. vulgare var.	Fr	trans -Anethole (88–1),	Bahmani et al., 2005
vulgare		estragole (50–0), fenchone
		(14–1), limonene (16–6)
	Fr	trans -Anethole (74),	Stefanini et al.
		fenchone (15), limonene	(2006)
		(5)
	Hrb	trans -Anethole (53),	Stefanini et al.
		limonene (35)	(2006)
	Ap	Estragole (54–49),	Sousa et al. (2015b)
	+ Inf	β- phellandrene (16–4),
		α- phellandrene (11–6),
		fenchone (12–9)
Helosciadium (syn.	Ap	Myristicin (49), (Z)-	Benelli et al. (2017a)
Apium)		β- ocimene (19), limonene
nodiflorum		(8), terpinolene (7),
germacrene D (6)
	Ap	Limonene (40), myristicin	Benelli et al. (2017b)
		(35), γ- terpinene (6),
		β- pinene (5)
	Ap	Myristicin (63–24),	Maggi et al. (2018)
	+	limonene (42–8), Z -
	Fw	β- ocimene (20–3),
		β- pinene (10–1)
Heracleum anisactis	Fr	Octyl acetate (49), octyl	Radjabian et al.
		butanoate (17), octyl 2-	(2014)
		methylbutanoate (8), octyl
		2-methylpropanoate (7)
H. gorganicum	Fr	Hexyl butanoate (33),	Radjabian et al.
		octyl acetate (18), Hexyl 2-	(2014)
		methylbutanoate (10),
		hexyl hexanoate (6), hexyl
		isobutanoate (6)
H. pastinacifolium	Ap	Myristicin (54), (Z)- trans -	Firuzi et al. (2010)
		α- bergamotene (11),
		limonene (7)
	Fr	Octyl acetate (60), octyl	Radjabian et al.
		butanoate (10), octyl 2-	(2014)
		methylbutanoate (8), octyl
		2-methylpropanoate (7)
H. persicum	Ap	(E)-anethole (25), octyl-2-	Firuzi et al. (2010)
		methyl butanoate (14),
		hexyl butanoate (10), octyl
		acetate (9), octyl
		isobutanoate (8)
	Fr	Octyl acetate (21), hexyl	Radjabian et al.
		butanoate (18), octyl 2-	(2014)
		methylbutanoate (10),
		hexyl 2-methylbutanoate
		(9), Octyl 2-methylpropa-
		noate (7)
H. rawianum	Fr	Octyl acetate (75), hexyl	Radjabian et al.
		butanoate (7)	(2014)
	Lf	β- Pinene (15), p -cymene	Norouzi and Norouzi
		(15), β- bisabolene (12),	(2018)
		(Z)-β- ocimene (12), (E)-
		β- ocimene (12),
		γ- terpinene (5)
	Fw	Hexyl butyrate (22),	Norouzi and Norouzi
		β- bisabolene (18), p -	(2018)
		cymene (9), (E)-β- ocimene
		(9)
Fr
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
		Hexyl butyrate (47),	Norouzi and Norouzi
		octanol acetate (17), hexyl	(2018)
		isobutyrate (5), hexyl
		hexanoate (5)
H. rechingeri	Ap	Hexyl butanoate (30),	Firuzi et al. (2010)
		octyl butanoate (10), octyl
		acetate (9)
	Fr	Hexyl butanoate (39),	Radjabian et al.
		octyl acetate (14), hexyl 2-	(2014)
methylbutanoate (8)
H. sphondylium	Ap	Octyl acetate (17),	Evergetis et al.
subsp.	+	limonene (13), trans -	(2009)
pyrenaicum	Fw	β- farnesene (6),
β- caryophyllene (6)
H. sphondylium	Fr	Octyl acetate (67), octyl 2-	Pavela et al. (2018)
subsp.		methylbutanoate (7), octyl
sphondylium		isobutyrate (5)
H. sphondylium	Fr	Octanol (39), octyl	Ozek et al. (2002)
subsp. ternatum		butyrate (24), octyl acetate
		(11)
	Fr	1-Octanol (50), octyl	˙Işcan et al. (2003)
		butyrate (25), octyl acetate
		(7)
	Fr	Octyl acetate (61), octyl	Pavela et al. (2018)
butyrate (9), octyl
		hexanoate (8)
H. transcaucasicum	Ap	Elemicin (41), pogostol	Firuzi et al. (2010)
(9), myristicin (8),
		zingiberenol (6)
Heptaptera	Ap	Nonacosane (38), phytol	Evergetis et al.
colladonioides	+ Rt	(16), pentacosane (15),	(2015)
heptacosane (13),
		tricosane (12)
Johrenia distans	Ap	2-Phenylphenol (18), 4,4-	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	dimethylnaphthalen-1 (4	(2015)
		h)-one (15), α- pinene (6),
		trans -ocimene (5)
Kundmannia sicula	Fw	Germacrene D (81)	Casiglia et al. (2017)
Levisticum officinale	Rt	(Z)-Ligustilide (37),	Santos et al. (2005)
		β- pinene (9),
		pentylcyclohexadiene (9),
		α- pinene (8)
	Rt	(Z)-Ligustilide (9–71),	Raal et al. (2008)
		β- phellandrene (0–49), (Z)-
		3-butylidene phthalide
		(1–29),
phenylacetaldehyde
		(0–17),
		pentylcyclohexadiene
		(0–12)
	Lf	α- Terpinyl acetate (56),	Raal et al. (2008)
		(Z)-ligustilide (17),
β- phellandrene (11)
	Fw	β- Pinene (18),	Mirjalili et al. (2010)
β- phellandrene (12),
		spathulenol (9),
		γ- curcumene (8)
	Fr	β- Phellandrene (62), δ-3-	Mirjalili et al. (2010)
		carene (6)
Lomatium	Fr	3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl-3-	Asuming et al.
dasycarpum		methylbutanoate (36),	(2005)
subsp.		lavandulyl-2-methyl-
dasycarpum		butyrate (15), methyl-2-
		buten-1-yl-2-
		methylbutanoate (10),
senkyunolide (10),
β- caryophyllene (6)
	Rt	(Z)-Falcarinol (22), osthol	Asuming et al.
		(9), palmitic acid (9),	(2005)
		neocnidilide (7),
		senkyunolide (6)
L. lucidum	Fr		Asuming et al.
			(2005)
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
β- Phellandrene +
		limonene (22), decanal (6),
		α- humulene (5)
	Rt	(Z)-Falcarinol (45), (E)-	Asuming et al.
		β- farnesene (6),	(2005)
		α- chamigrene (6),
		β- acoradiene (6)
L. macrocarpum var.	Fr	β- Pinene (54), α- pinene	Asuming et al.
macrocarpum		(25)	(2005)
	Rt	Osthol (68), peucenin-7-	Asuming et al.
		methyl ether (9)	(2005)
L. utriculatum	Fr	Sabinene (34), (Z)-	Asuming et al.
		ligustilide (13), terpinen-4-	(2005)
		ol (7), β- caryophyllene (6),
		β- phellandrene/limonene
		(6)
	Rt	(Z)-Falcarinol (17), (Z)-	Asuming et al.
		ligustilide (17),	(2005)
		senkyunolide (7), palmitic
		acid (6)
Malabaila aurea	Ap	Hexyl butyrate (36),	Evergetis et al.
		hexanoic acid hexyl ester	(2013)
(36), n -hexanol (11)
M. secacul	Ap	Butanoic acid (37),	Bagci and Dogan
		caryophyllene oxide (13),	(2015)
germacrene D (10),
β- caryophyllene (5)
Molopospermum	St	Dillapiole (60), 3-carene	Andreu et al. (2015)
peloponnesiacum		(15)
Oenanthe	Ap	γ- Terpinene (43), o-	Evergetis et al.
pimpinelloides		cymene (18),	(2009)
		β- sesquiphellandrene (8),
		β- pinene (7)
Oliveria decumbens	Herb	γ- Terpinene (34),	Esmaeili et al. (2018)
		carvacrol (17) and thymol
		(16), p- cymene (10),
		limonene (6)
	Ap	Thymol (38), carvacrol	Esmaeili et al. (2018)
	+	(29), p- cymene (10),
	Fw	γ- terpinene (10),
		myristicin (8)
	Ap	Thymol (37), carvacrol	Pavela et al. (2020b)
	+	(34), γ- terpinene (14), p-
	Fw	cymene (9)
Pastinaca sativa	–	(Z) - β- Ocimene (11), hexyl	Kapetanos et al.
		butanoate (10), (E)-	(2008)
		β- farnesene (6)
P. sativa subsp.	Fr	Octyl butyrate (80), octyl	Kürkçüoglu et al.
urens		hexanoate (5)	(2006)
P. hirsuta	–	Hexyl butanoate (55)	Kapetanos et al.
			(2008)
Petroselinum	Rt	Apiole (52), myristicin	Petropoulos et al.
crispum		(36)	(2004)
	Lf	Myristicin (22), apiole	Petropoulos et al.
		(18), β- phellandrene (17),	(2004)
		p -1,3,8-menthatriene (14),
		α-, p -dimethylstyrene (9)
	Lf	Sabinene (21), 3-hexyne-	Knio et al. (2008)
		2,5-diol, 2-5-dimethyl
		(11), p -mentha-1,5,8-
		triene (8), apiole (8), p-
		cymene (7), myristicin (6)
	Lf	Myristicin (31–43),	Vokk et al. (2011)
		β- phellandrene (22–36), p -
1,3,8-menthatriene
		(6–10), β- myrcene (5–9)
P. crispum subsp.	Rt	β- Pinene (31), apiole (20),	Petropoulos et al.
tuberosum		β- phellandrene (17),	(2004)
		myristicin (16)
Peucedanum	Ap	1-Bornyl acetate (81)	Evergetis et al.
officinale	+		(2012)
Fw
P. neumayeri	Fw
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
		γ- Terpinene (32), α- pinene	Evergetis et al.
		(21), β- phellandrene (13)	(2012)
P. vittijugum	Ap	Nonacosane (39), α- pinene	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	(11), β- pinene (9),	(2015)
		heptacosane (7),
		α- humulene (6),
		α- amorphene (5)
Pimpinella anisum	Fr	trans -Anethole (77),	Knio et al. (2008)
		anisalacetone (7), estragol
		(6)
	Fr	trans -Anethole (86)	Ntalli et al. (2011)
	Fr	trans -Anethole (97)	de Almeida et al.,
			2010
P. haussknechtii	Fr	4-(2-Propenyl)-phenyl 3’-	Sajjadi et al. (2015)
		methylbutyrate (57),
		bicyclogermacrene (9),
		germacrene D (8)
P. peregrina	Ap	α- Bergamontene (62),	Evergetis et al.
	+	aristolene (20)	(2012)
Fw
P. rigidula	Ap	trans -Epoxy	Evergetis et al.
	+	pseudoisoeugenyl 2-meth-	(2012)
	Fw	ylbutyrate (27), β- selinene
		(24), trans -isomiristicin
		(8), α- zingiberene (8),
		myristicin (7), trans -
		pseudoisoeugenyl 2-meth-
		ylbutyrate (7)
P. serbica	–	Apiole (77), (+)-(E)-	Kapetanos et al.
		β- caryophyllene (10)	(2008)
P. tragium	Ap	Germacrone (23),	Evergetis et al.
	+	unknown (20), germacrene	(2012)
	Fw	B (19), geigerene (10)
Pleurospermum	Lf	Limonene (48), α- asarone	Mathela et al. (2015)
angelicoides		(23), γ- terpinene (11),
		β- asarone (5)
	Fw	α- Pinene (22), α- asarone	Mathela et al. (2015)
		(21), perilla aldehyde (17),
		limonene (15)
	Rt	Nothoapiole (87),	Mathela et al. (2015)
		α- muurolene (5)
Prango ferulaceae	Fr	2,3,6-Trimethyl	Ercan et al. (2013)
benzaldehyde (67),
		chrysanthenyl acetate (15)
P. uloptera	Ap	α- Bisabolol (31), safrole	Razavi et al. (2011)
	+	(19), (+)-spathulenol (13)
Fw
	Ap	γ- Terpinene (36), trans -	Razavi et al. (2011)
	+ Fr	anethole (24)
Rutheopsis	Ap	α- Pinene (29), dillapiole	Velasco-Negueruela
herbanica		(21), limonene (14),	et al. (2003)
		β- pinene (13), myristicin
		(10)
Scandix australis	Ap	Heptadecane (24),	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	pentadecane (16),	(2015)
		octadecene (15), tridecane
		(12), α- pinene,
		tetradecanal (6)
S. pectin-veneris	Ap	Tridecane (28), α- pinene	Evergetis et al.
	+ Rt	(17), pentadecane (11),	(2015)
		β- sesquiphellandrene (8),
		sabinene (7),
β- caryophyllene (5)
Selinum vaginatum	Rz	Bornyl acetate (51),	Chauhan et al.
		α- pinene (19), camphene	(2014)
		(10), limonene (6)
	Rz	Bornyl acetate (31),	Chauhan et al.
		β- phellandrene (12)	(2014)
Seseli montanum	Ap	α- Pinene (32),	Evergetis et al.
	+	β- phellandrene (19),	(2009)
	Fw	sabinene (17)
S. montanum subsp.	Um		Gonçalves et al.
peixotoanum			(2012a)
	(s)	components (> 5%, by
decreasing order of
		abundance)
		α- Pinene (36), β- pinene
		(22), limonene (9),
		myrcene (7), β- elemene (6)
S. parnassicum	Ap	β- Sesquiphellandrene (30),	Evergetis et al.
	+	germacrene D (13),	(2012)
	Fw	germacrene B (11),
		β- elemene (11),
		bicyclogermacrene (6)
S. tortuosum	Um	α- Pinene (25), β- pinene	Gonçalves et al.
		(24), Z-β- ocimene (13)	(2012a)
S. wallichianum	Ap	Sabinene (31),	Joshi et al. (2018)
β- phellandrene (18),
		α- bisabolol (16)
	Ap	3,5-Nonadiyne (54)	Joshi et al. (2018)
	Rt	β- Phellandrene (35),	Joshi et al. (2018)
		sabinene (12),
		α- phellandrene (11)
	Rt	3,5-Nonadiyne (91)	Joshi et al. (2018)
Sison amomum	Ap	Sabinene (54),	Kamte et al. (2018)
	+	β- phellandrene (17),
	Fw	germacrene D (7)
Smyrnium olusatrum	Lf	Furanoeremophil-1-one	Papaioannou et al.
		(29), curzerene (29)	(2010)
	Fw	Curzerene (38),	Papaioannou et al.
		germacrone (20),	(2010)
		furanoeremophil-1-one
		(20)
	Inf	1β- Acetoxyfuranoeudesm-	Papaioannou et al.
		4 (15)-ene (31), curzerene	(2010)
		(17)
	Fw	Curzerene (30), myrcene	Benelli et al. (2017a)
		(18), furanoeremophil-1-
		one (12), germacrone (10),
isofuranodiene (10)
S. rotundifolium	Ap	1β- Acetoxyfuranoeudesm-	Evergetis et al.
	+	3-ene (21), 1β-	(2012)
	Fw	Acetoxyfuranoeudesm-4
		(15)-ene (9), furanodiene
(12), myrcene (11)
Thapsia garganica	Rt	δ- Cadinene (17)	Drew et al. (2012)
T. minor	Ap	Geranyl acetate (82)	Gonçalves et al.
			(2012b)
T. villosa	Fw	Geranyl acetate (37)	Drew et al. (2012)
	Rt	Guaiol (15), elemol (10)	Drew et al. (2012)
Trachyspermum	Fr	Thymol (42), γ- terpinene	Park et al. (2007)
ammi		(28), p -cymene (24)
	Fr	Thymol (48), p -cymene	Oroojalian et al.
		(22), γ- terpinene (21)	(2010)
	Fr	Thymol (42), γ- terpinene	Yeom et al. (2012)
(28), p -cymene (24)
	Fr	Thymol (58), p -cymene	Benelli et al. (2017a)
		(22), γ- terpinene (16)
	Fr	Thymol (88), p -cymene (7)	Pavela et al. (2018)