The potential of Apiaceae species as sources of singular phytochemicals and plant-based pesticides Author Sousa, Rose Marie O. F. * & Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S / n, 4169 - 007, Porto, Portugal & * & GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production, Research Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S / n, 4169 - 007, & * & CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Tr´as-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000 - 801, Vila Real, Author Cunha, Ana C. Author Fernandes-Ferreira, Manuel text Phytochemistry 2021 112714 2021-07-31 187 1 32 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112714 journal article 264206 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112714 e3e91315-78c8-4c81-a4b2-3ef0db8eb3dc 1873-3700 8259087

Table 5 General cytotoxicity induced by different classes of phytochemicals and reported events taking place at the cellular level. a

EOs	Damage the cellular membrane and organelles Mitochondrial dysfunction-induced reactive oxygen species accumulation Decreased ATPase and dehydrogenase activities Causes nuclear and cytoplasmic mutagenicity
a Sources: Bakkali et al. (2008); Tripathi et al. (2009).
Most monoterpenes	Cause reduction in the number of intact mitochondria and Golgi bodies Impair respiration and photosynthesis
Hydrocarbons	Act as solvents of the cellular membrane compromising its integrity and increasing the movement of other molecules across the cell
Phenolics	Produce very reactive phenoxyl radicals when oxidized by contact with reactive oxygen species
Phenols, aldehydes, and alcohols	Act as prooxidants on proteins and DNA
Furocoumarins	Act as photoactive molecules; Produce radical reactions and oxygen singlet; Crosslink both strands of DNA by binding to pyrimidine bases, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.