Novel splitting / lumping index reflects the history of species concepts applied to bumblebees (Insecta: Apidae) Author Williams, Paul H text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2022 2022-10-01 196 2 704 719 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/2/704/6540035 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab123 0024-4082 7184415

Table 1. Global lists through time of taxa of the subgenus Mendacibombus that were recognized as separate species by the authors of published global species lists, using the names in those lists (some of which are now regarded as synonyms or misspellings). ‘x’ show species from the present list that had already been described as taxa in the species-group before each study but which were not recognized as separate species in these studies, or shown as an ‘*’ if not previously described but they can be considered examined but unrecognized, or shown in brackets if these taxa were described but the author did not know of them or did not include consideration of them (e.g. from a region or a group not considered). The first two rows show interpretations of the species concepts and character sets used by the authors

Source	Smith, 1854	von Dalla	Skorikov, 1923	Skorikov, 1931	Williams, 1998	Williams et al.,	Combined list of
		Torre, 1896				2016b (‘present’)	candidate species
Species concept	typological	typological/	typological/	typological/	polytypic/	evolutionarily
		polytypic	polytypic	polytypic	interbreeding	independent
						lineages
Character set	colour	colour/	colour/	colour/	morphology	molecular/
		morphology	morphology	morphology		morphology
Species					superbus	superbus	superbus
			waltoni	chinensis	waltoni	waltoni	waltoni
		lugubris	lugubris	lugubris	convexus	convexus	convexus
			x	makarjini	makarjini	makarjini	makarjini
			marussinus	marussinus	marussinus	marussinus	marussinus
			avinoviellus	avinoviellus	avinoviellus	avinoviellus	avinoviellus
			varius	varius	himalayanus	himalayanus	himalayanus
			turkestanicus	turkestanicus	turkestanicus	turkestanicus	turkestanicus
			defector	defector	defector	defector	defector
			margreiteri	margreiteri	x	margreiteri	margreiteri
				altaicus			altaicus
			handlirschianus	handlirschianus	handlirschianus	handlirschianus	handlirschianus
			shaposhnikovi	shaposhnikovi	shaposhnikovi		shaposhnikovi
		mendax	mendax	mendax	mendax	mendax	mendax
All taxa in species-group	0	2	19	20	24	24
described to date
Present species described to	0	2	11	11	12	12
date
Present species described to	0	2	11	11	12	12
date or examined by author
(S P) Total species reported by	0	2	11	13	12	12
author (S A)