Systematics of the caecilian family Chikilidae (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) with the description of three new species of Chikila from northeast India Author Kamei, Rachunliu G. Author Gower, David J. Author Wilkinson, Mark Author Biju, S. D. text Zootaxa 2013 3666 4 401 435 journal article 43483 10.11646/zootaxa.3666.4.1 ae8b490a-b325-4d9f-90ed-ba0721b3bf5b 1175-5326 246458 15114087-1781-4D4D-9B06-FD29490E0C25

TABLE 6. Summary comparison of selected features of the four species of Chikila. See Material and Methods for abbreviations. Mean ± standard deviation. ^ except for BNHS 5515, in which disc is unpigmented. * eye clearly visible only in severely dehydrated holotype, ZSIC 14759.

Colour pattern (adults) Weakly bicoloured to almost unicoloured	Moderately bicoloured (less so than C. fulleri)	Moderately bicoloured	Strongly bicoloured,
Chin and throat Without pale blotches	Without pale blotches	Chin, throat and anteriormost 1-3	Without pale blotches
Disc surrounding vent Unpigmented; pale patch extends anterior to disc	Unpigmented; pale patch extends anterior to disc	PAs generally with pale blotches Base of denticulations pigmented^. No unpigmented patch anterior to disc.	Unpigmented; pale patch extends anterior to disc
AGs Weakly marked externally despite strong myoseptal pigment under skin Anterior of head (dorsal Moderately broad view)	Moderately marked Pointed/acuminate	Very strongly marked by distinct myoseptal pigment Moderately pointed	Moderately marked Broad
Point at which imaginary line Approximately halfway between passing through N and TA CM and anterior end of upper lip crosses upper lip (TA relatively low)	Variable, close to CM to halfway between CM and anterior end of upper lip	Between CM and one quarter of distance between CM and anterior end of upper lip (TA relatively high)	(One quarter) to halfway between CM and anterior end of upper lip
Shape of anterior end of VP Indented arc to weakly angulate series in palatal view Number of VP relative to PM Subequal, sometimes more VPs Size of chonae; shortest Narrow; gap> 2.25 x distance between choanae	Gentle (not angulate) arc to quite angulate Fewer VPs Small; gap 1.25 to 2 x	Angulate Subequal, sometimes more VPs Small; gap 1.25 to 2 x	Gentle (not angulate) arc Subequal, sometimes more VPs Large; gap <1.25 x
relative to width of each choana at that point Visibility of eye, in life and Not visible preservation	Generally distinct	Faint or not visible*	Not visible
Maximum known TL (in mm) 271, 255 females, males Total PAs 87–94 (mean 90.9) Total PAs minus PAs anterior 8–24 (mean 14.6) to anteriormost PA with SAG PAs subdivided by SAGs 6.1 ± 1.8, female; 7.1 ± 3.2, male LH/WH 1.4 ± 0.1, female; 1.5 ± 0.0, male 1.2–1.5, female; 1.4–1.5, male LH as % of Length 3.4 ± 0.4, female; 3.7 ± 0.1, male 2.6–3.8 %, female; 3.5–3.9 %, male	164, 198 86–92 (mean 89.4) 10–17 (mean 13.2) 6.8 ± 1.0, female; 6.1 ± 0.8, male 1.7 ± 0.1, female; 1.6 ± 0.1, male 1.5–1.8, female; 1.6–1.7, male 4.0 ± 0.2, female, male 3.8–4.3 %, female; 3.7–4.3 %, male	230, 190 89–93 (mean 90.8) 8–21 (mean 13.2) 7.2 ± 1.4, female; 6.3 ± 1.5, male 1.6 ± 0.1, female; 1.7 ± 0.2, male 1.5–1.7, female; 1.6–1.9, male 3.7 ± 0.3, female; 4.3 ± 0.4, male 3.0–4.0 %, female; 3.8–4.8 %, male	253, 272 89–97 (mean 93.5) 6–20 (mean 10.3) 9.3± 2.1, female; 9.1 ± 2.0, male 1.5 ± 0.2, female; 1.5 ± 0.1, male 1.3–1.9, female; 1.3–1.6, male 3.5 ± 0.4, female; 3.6 ± 0.2, male 3.1–4.6 %, female; 3.2–4.0 %, male