Research questions Number of articles 1) Characterization of soil biodiversity in logged forests. 54 a) Effects of different logging operations on soil microorganisms 20 Effects of different logging operations in managed forests compared to unlogged forests 15 Effects of time since logging operations in managed forests compared to unlogged forests 1 Effects of logging re-entries in managed forests compared with unlogged forest 2 Effects of different logging re entries 2 b) Effects of different logging operations on soil fauna 34 Effects of different logging operations in managed forests compared to unlogged forests 19 Effects of time since logging operations in managed forests compared to unlogged forest 5 Effects of time since logging 3 Effects of logging intensities in managed forests compared to unlogged forest 1 Effects of logging intensities 1 Effects of logging re-entries in managed forests compared with unlogged forest 3 Effects of logging equipment (e.g., skid trails, logging roads) compared with unlogged forest 2 2) Characterization of soil functions in logged forests. 29 Effects of different logging operations in managed forests compared to unlogged forest 19 Effects of time since logging operations in managed forests compared to unlogged forest 3 Effects of logging intensities in managed forests compared to unlogged forest 1 Effects of logging intensities 4 Effects of logging re-entries compared with unlogged forest 1 Effects of logging equipment (e.g., skid trails, logging roads) compared with unlogged forest 1