Taxonomy and phylogeny of five novel Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales) species isolated from decaying wood in China Author Jin, Guang-Shuo https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8683-7395 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China & College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Ji, Jing https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5854-0407 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China & College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Zhao, Gui-Long https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6586-5168 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China & College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Liang, Bo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5812-5453 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China & College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Li, Xin-Ze https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0360-2513 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China & College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Yu, Yang https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9546-4884 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China & College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Zhuang, Wen-Ying 0000-0002-1162-9678 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Author Li, Yu 0000-0003-4719-7210 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Ji, Rui-Qing 0000-0002-4799-0270 Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China Author Zhu, Zhao-Xiang 0000-0002-8330-918X Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China text MycoKeys 2026 2026-05-27 133 67 102 journal article 315277 10.3897/mycokeys.133.187172 4e2b2826-4a7c-4e64-806c-9e68786d5a6a

Table 3. Morphological comparisons of Trichoderma fulviclavum with T. rhododendri and T. psychrophilum. Traits with significant differences are highlighted in a dark color. A dash (–) indicates that the character is not reported.

Character		T. rhododendri (Jaklitsch 2011)	T. psychrophilum (Jaklitsch 2011)	T. fulviclavum (this study)
Stromata	Color	Yellowish to pale orange	Brownish yellow or grayish yellow	Pale white to brown
	Color in 3 % KOH	Not changing color	Not changing color	Not changing color
	Shape	Pulvinate or discoid	Pulvinate or semi to subglobose	Clavate
	Diameter (mm)	(0.7 –) 1.3–2.6 (– 3.0) × (0.7 –) 1.0–1.7	(1.3 –) 1.5–3.3 (– 5.1) × (0.9 –) 1.2–2.4 (– 3.2)	up to 57
	Thickness (mm)	(0.2 –) 0.3–0.6	(0.5 –) 0.6–1.4 (– 2.0)	12–15
Ostioles	Color	Yellow – ochre	Orange to nearly red	Brown
	Length (μm)	(69 –) 86–111 (– 126)	(67 –) 75–98 (– 116)	(30 –) 39–57 (– 62)
	Width at the apex (μm)	(32 –) 36–54 (– 75)	(28 –) 30–45 (– 60)	17–35 (– 40)
Perithecia	Color of peridium	Hyaline to pale yellowish	Pale yellowish	Hyaline
	Length (μm)	(170 –) 200–245 (– 270)	(160 –) 200–250 (– 290)	(83 –) 93–193 (– 207)
	Width (μm)	(115 –) 130–200 (– 235)	(90 –) 130–200 (– 215)	75–170 (– 193)
	Asci length (μm)	(97 –) 100–116 (– 135)	(85 –) 100–130 (– 150)	60–75 (– 80)
	Asci width (μm)	(4.5 –) 5.0–6.0 (– 6.5)	(5.0 –) 5.5–6.2 (– 7.0)	(2.8 –) 3.2–4.4
Ascospore	Shape and ornamentation	Verruculose, cells subglobose, ellipsoidal or wedge-shaped	Verruculose, cells subglobose, ellipsoidal or wedge-shaped	Verruculose, cells subglobose to globose
	Color	Hyaline	Hyaline	Hyaline
	Distal length (μm)	(3.8 –) 4.0–5.0 (– 5.5)	(4.0 –) 4.5–5.7 (– 6.7)	2.6–3.9
	Distal width (μm)	(3.3 –) 3.5–4.0 (– 4.3)	(3.7 –) 4.0–4.5 (– 5.0)	2.4–3.5
	Distal l / w ratio	(1.0 –) 1.1–1.3 (– 1.4)	(1.0 –) 1.1–1.4 (– 1.7)	0.9–1.1 (– 1.3)
	Proximal length (μm)	(4.0 –) 4.5–5.5 (– 6.0)	(4.5 –) 5.2–6.5 (– 7.8)	–
	Proximal width (μm)	(2.7 –) 3.0–3.5 (– 4.0)	(3.0 –) 3.3–4.0 (– 4.5)	–
	Proximal l / w ratio	(1.1 –) 1.4–1.7 (– 1.8)	(1.2 –) 1.4–1.8 (– 2.2)	–
Colony radius after 72 h at 25 ° C (mm)	CMD	0.2–1.5	0.2–1.5	1–2
	PDA	<1	<1	1–3
	SNA	1 – 2	1–2	1–2
Phialides	Length (μm)	–	(6 –) 7–12 (– 19)	–
	Width (μm)	–	(2.3 –) 2.8–3.5 (– 4.5)	–
	l / w ratio	–	(1.8 –) 2.3–4.0 (– 5.8)	–
	Basal width (μm)	–	(1.5 –) 2.0–2.8 (– 3.5)	–
Conidia	Shape and ornamentation		Ellipsoidal to oblong, smooth, eguttulate, or finely multiguttulate
	Color	–	Hyaline	–
	Length (μm)	–	(3.2 –) 3.8–5.3 (– 7.0)	–
	Width (μm)	–	(2.3 –) 2.5–3.0 (– 3.7)	–
	l / w ratio	–	(1.3 –) 1.4–2.0 (– 2.5)	–
Chlamydospores / Chlamydoconidia	Length (μm)	(6 –) 7–12 (– 15)	–	(3 –) 3.3–10.7 (– 11.9)
	Width (μm)	(5 –) 6–9 (– 11)	–	(3.5 –) 3.9–11.3 (– 12.3)
	l / w ratio	(0.7 –) 1.0–1.7 (– 2.1)	–	1–1.3 (– 1.5)
Odor and pigment		Odor Absent, yellow-brown pigment	Absent	Odor Absent, yellow brown pigment