Terrestrial adaptations in the Anomura (Crustacea: Decapoda) Author Greenaway, P. School of Biological Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia p.greenaway@unsw.edu.au text Memoirs of Museum Victoria 2003 2003-12-31 60 1 13 26 https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-60-issue-1-2003/pages-13-26/ journal article 10.24199/j.mmv.2003.60.3 1447-2554 10665487
Table 2. The requirement for physiological and behavioural changes on emergence from water. T 1 – T 4 as in Table 1; T 5 are fully terrestrial species able to conduct all biological activities on land (Greenaway, 1999).
Physiological functionImmediate requirement for physiological or morphological adaptation on emersion?Grade at which adaptation is essential
Oxygen uptakeYes, morphological modifications required immediatelyT1
CO2 outputYes, required immediatelyT1
Salt regulationNo, if water is regularly available for immersionT3–4
Evaporative water lossNo, if water is available in microhabitat as behavioural regulation will sufficeT4
Nitrogen excretionNo, if emersion periods are relatively briefT4
Temperature regulationNo, temperature can be regulated behaviourally if water or shelter available–
Sensory receptionSound – not immediateT3
Photo – immediateT2
Chemo – Loss of aquatic chemoreception compensated by visionT2–3
Locomotion and supportNo, pre-adapted to support on land or utilise support of mollusc shellT2
MoultingNo, not if animal can moult in waterT4
ReproductionYes, commonly needs at least behavioural changes and often some morphological and physiological adaptationT1–5