Assessment of the Linnaean type material of the Nose-horned viper, Vipera ammodytes (Linnaeus, 1758) Author Krecsák, László 2051 Biatorbágy, Jókai Mór str. 14, Hungary Author Bauer, Aaron M. Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA Author Westerström, Alexander National Museum of Natural History, Tsar Osvoboditel blvd. 1, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria Author Wahlgren, Richard Author Tomović, Ljiljana University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Author Stille, Bo Kokkini 1410, 491 00 Corfu, Greece Author Åhlander, Erik Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, PO Box 50007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden text Zootaxa 2024 2024-11-07 5537 1 24 48 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.2 journal article 305818 10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.2 2cc2b11e-3920-42bc-91dd-21d7c7ab7c64 1175-5326 14239240 9E917E44-16AB-4C6C-B8FC-96B323BFCEC6

TABLE 2. Review of the primary and secondary references.

Reference type Primary (P), Secondary (S)	Reference by Linnaeus	Work cited	Number of specimens and remarks	Existence of specimen
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P1	Amoen. acad. I p. 506 n. 25	Linnaeus 1749a	One male, also depicted on plate XVII, fig. UPSZTY 95 II (Fig. 3)
P2	Bellon. it.n., 203.	Bellon 1605	General description without specifying	–
	Druinus [sic].		specimen(s). Dryinus depicted on page 203 is a Levante viper (Macrovipera lebetinus). Supported by Bellon’s statement as well, that this is the largest snake he has seen.
S7 in P3			Aldrovandi (1640) highlights that Bellon’s Aspis might be V. ammodytes. The snake that is reported by Bellon as having a wart on the front of his head is most likely a V. aspis and not V. ammodytes since Bellon encountered the species before (in Brutios
			= Calabria) which is within the distribution of the Southern Italian asp (Vipera aspis hugyi).
P3	Aldr. Serp. 169. Ammodytes.	Aldrovandi 1640	General description without specifying specimen(s), but at least one specimen	Not extant (Bauer et al. 2013)
			was examined, since the snake depicted on page 169 is indeed Vipera ammodytes.
S1 in P1	Ammodytes Raj. quadrup. 287.	Raio 1693	General description of Vipera ammodytes, without specifying specimen(s). Libya is mentioned as occurrence. In 17th century works Libya actually meant all of	No specimens collected by Raio known in museums.
			known Africa and this term was sometimes used in this way into early modern times.
S2 in P1	Jonst. Serp. 14.t.I.f.3.	Jonstonus 1657	General description without specifying specimen(s), but at least one specimen was examined, since the snake depicted as Ammodites on Plate I. is a Vipera ammodytes.	No specimens collected or studied by Johnstonus known in museums.
S3 in P1 S11 in P3	Matthiolus in Dioscoride p. 950	Matthioli 1565	The snake species named Ammoditae by Matthioli was Vipera ammodytes. He provides a general description of the species specifying specimen(s) and notes its distribution as occurring in multiple areas of Italy and Illyria especially in the Gorizia municipality and the mountains of Iapidia (Istria).	–
S4 in P3		Gessner (1587)	General description of Vipera ammodytes, without specifying specimen(s).	–
S5 in P3		Aetius (1549)	Aetius’s Ammodite or cenchria is Vipera ammodytes, described without specifying specimen(s).	–
S6 in P3		Avicenna (1556)	The species listed as amiudutus and caubarus (p. 219) have a colour pattern similar to a nose-horned viper, but the description is not detailed enough to identify the species.	–
S8 in P3		Aeliani (1562)	Ammodatë (sand diver) could be V. ammodytes, but the description is not detailed enough to identify the species. Linnaeus maintained this sand diver name	–
			in his publications (Krecsák et al. in press).
S9 in P3		Magno (1555)	The orange coloured snake with black colour pattern mentioned by Magnus (1555) could be V. ammodytes, but the description is not detailed enough to identify the species.	–