Convergent evolution of dark, ultraviolet-absorbing cuticular pigmentation in a new Afro-Oriental Echiniscus brunus species complex (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) Author Dey, Pritam K. Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30 - 348 Kraków, Poland & Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark Author Gąsiorek, Piotr Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland & Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5 - 7, DK- 1350, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com Author Michalczyk, Łukasz Department of Invertebrate Evolution, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30 - 387 Kraków, Poland piotr.lukas.gasiorek@gmail.com text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024 2023-10-16 200 1 34 59 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad132 journal article 287310 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad132 e3f0217a-27c4-4c17-bc76-b6bdb0118650 0024-4082 10470646 1FB8839E-9C7D-4B5D-A35C-BED4249BAF77C

Table 1. List of newly found populations analysed in the present study. Types of analyses: DNA, DNA sequencing; LCM, imaging and morphometry of individuals and exuviae in PCM/NCM/UVM; SEM, imaging by SEM. The number in each analysis indicates how many specimens were used in a given method (f, adult females; j, juveniles; l, larvae; v, exuviae; numbers of vouchers fixed on permanent slides are given in parentheses).

Species	Sample	Coordinates	Locality	Sample type	Collector	Analyses
aWith no DNA data available for this population,this is an uncertain conspecificity with Echiniscus brunus sp. nov. or Echiniscus aff. brunus sp.can.1 or with another new cryptic species of the E.brunus complex.
	code	altitude				LCM	SEM	DNA
Echiniscus aff.	IN.295	10°08ʹ27″N, 77°05ʹ42″E	Asia, India, Kerala, Idukki, Kannan Devan	moss + lichen from stone	Pritam K. Dey	1f	–	–
brunus a		1898 m a.s.l.	Hills
Echiniscus brunus	IN.391	11°24ʹ55″N, 76°47ʹ35″E	Asia, India, Tamil Nadu, Nilgiris, Kothagiri	lichen from stone	Pritam K. Dey	14f + 1v + 9j + 3l	20f	3(3)f
sp. nov.		2110 m a.s.l.
Echiniscus	IN.396	11°24ʹ36″N,	Asia, India, Tamil Nadu,	moss + lichen	Pritam	2f + 1j	1f	4(2)f
aff.		76°46ʹ11″E	Nilgiris, Kothagiri	from stone	K. Dey
brunus		2184 m a.s.l.
sp. can. 1
Echiniscus aff.	TZ.030	7°49ʹ25″S, 36°49ʹ32″E	Africa, Tanzania, Morogoro Region,	moss from sun-exposed	Thomas Pape	1f + 1j	–	–
brunus		~2050 m a.s.l.	Udzungwa Mountains,	bedrock
sp. can. 2			Mwanihana Peak
	TZ.076	7°49ʹ27″S, 36°49ʹ32″E	Africa, Tanzania, Morogoro Region,	lichen from sun-exposed	Thomas Pape	–	–	1(1)f + 1(1)j
		2100 m a.s.l.	Udzungwa Mountains,	bedrock
			Mwanihana Peak