Neither slugs nor snails: a molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae Author Fassio, Giulia Author Stefani, Matteo Author Russini, Valeria Author Buge, Barbara Author Bouchet, Philippe Author Treneman, Nancy Author Malaquias, Manuel António E. Author Schiaparelli, Stefano Author Modica, Maria Vittoria Author Oliverio, Marco text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2023 2022-12-03 197 4 924 964 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac091 journal article 244287 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac091 87852b6b-9e57-46bc-97af-35a7a8aee100 0024-4082 7814306 6DBA2650-DB10-4BDC-AEDB-2EF08D82815E
Table 2. Synopsis of the most useful characters and information for diagnosis of subfamilies and genera
CharacterMarseniopsinaeHainotinaeVelutininaeLamellariinaeCalyptoconchaVariolipalliumPacificaDjiboutiaCoriocellaLamellariaMarseniaMarseniella
External morphology
ShapeFlat or dome shaped; outline rounded or polygonalDome shaped; outline rounded or polygonalFlat or dome shaped; outline roundedFlat or dome shaped; outline rounded or polygonalFlat or dome shaped; outline roundedFlat or dome shaped; outline rounded or polygonalFlat or dome shaped; outline roundedFlat or dome shaped; outline roundedDome shaped; outline rounded, two to six wartsFlat or dome shaped; outline roundedFlat or dome shaped; outline roundedFlat; outline rounded
Size (cm)0.5–11.50.5–5.00.5–11.00.5–10.01–40.5–3.00.5–1.00.5-3.31.5–8.50.3–1.10.3–102.2
MantleFused or dorsal fissureFusedFused or not fusedFused or dorsal fissureFusedFused or dorsal fissureFusedFusedFusedFusedFused or dorsal fissureFused
Shell
ShapeEar shapedEar shapedEar, shield or cap shapedEar shapedEar shapedEar shapedEar shapedEar shapedEar shapedEar shapedEar shapedEar shaped, last whorl detached from spire
SpireHighHighLow or highLow or highHighHighLowLowLowLowLow or highLow
ThicknessVery thinThin or very thinModerately thin or thinThin or very thinVery thinVery thinVery thinThin or very thinThinThinThinThin
TextureWeak to membranaceousWeakStrong to weakStrong to membranaceusWeak to membranaceousWeak to membranaceousWeakWeakStrong to moderateWeakWeakMembranaceous
PeriostracumThin to not visibleThin to moderately developed, hairyModerately or well developed, occasionally hairyThin to not visibleNot visibleNot visibleNot visibleNot visibleThinNot visibleNot visible?
NucleousWith or without granular sculpture?With or without granular sculptureSubsutural axial foldsSmoothSubsutural axial foldsSubsutural axial foldsSubsutural axial foldsSubsutural axial foldsSubsutural axial foldsSubsutural axial folds?
Radula
Formula2:1:1:1:22:1:1:1:22:1:1:1:20:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:00:1:1:1:0
RachidianElongated.Base rectangular. Cusp, three to four small to pronounced denticles, each sideElongated. Base rectangular. Cusp, two denticles each sideSquared. Base broad. Cusp with or without one to six pronounced denticles each sideElongated. Base with or without bifurcation. Cusp with or without several denticlesElongated.Base squared. Cusp, several small denticlesElongated. Base bifurcated.Cusp, few to several very small to pronounced denticlesElongated. Base bifurcated. Cusp, three or four long denticles each sideElongated. Base bifurcated.Cusp smooth, slimElongated. Base bifurcated. Cusp, several small denticlesElongated. Base bifurcated.Cusp, few to several small denticles, right sideElongated. Base bifurcated. Cusp, several denticlesElongated. Base bifurcated. Cusp, several denticles
LateralElongated.Cusp triangular, external.Denticles: two or three small to pronounced, internal; one or two small to large, externalElongated. Cusp external.Denticles: one internal; two external.Squared or elongated. Cusp triangular, internal or external. Denticles: one to six, both sidesElongated.Cusp external, with or without bold, with or without internal truncated projection.Denticles: with or without both or internal sideElongated. Cusp triangular external. Denticles: several small, both sidesElongated. Cusp triangular external. Denticles: few to several, very small to pronounced, both sides or internal sideElongated. Cusp triangular external. Denticles: four to seven, long, both sidesElongated. Cusp bold, smooth, external. Truncated projection internal, smoothElongated. Cusp bold, external, triangular. Denticles: small, external. Truncated projection, internal, small denticles, distal sideElongated. Cusp bold, external, smooth. Truncated projection internal, several small denticles, distal sideElongated. Cusp triangular, external. Denticles: several, both sidesElongated. Cusp triangular, external. Denticles: several, both sides
MarginalNarrow, smoothNarrow, one small denticle, internal sideNarrow, with or without one small denticle, internal side–––––––––
Jaws
ShapeElongatedElongated. DenticlesShort to elongated. DenticlesShort to elongatedShort.Small, vertical, central protrusionShort to elongatedShort.External, upper side protrusionShortElongatedShort to elongatedShort to elongatedShort
CompositionScale-like elements?Scale-like elementsUniformUniformUniformUniformUniformUniformUniformUniformUniform
Geographical distributionSouthern Ocean, south Argentinian watersNorth-eastern Pacific, South Australia, New ZealandArctic, worldwide temperate regionsWorldwide temperate, tropical regionsNorthern temperate Atlantic, Alboran Sea, South Africa, Brazil, UruguayTropical West Pacific, New Zealand, Caribbean, tip of South America, South AfricaIndo-West PacificIndo-West PacificIndo-West PacificTropical and Temperate eastern Pacific, Tropical Atlantic, north-eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, North SeaIndo-West Pacific, Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean SeaNorway
Depth (m)75 – 6680 – 450– 12000 – 450058 – 450042 – 157320 – 2440 –1010 – 180 – 610 – 214?