Whistles in the reeds: a new country record of the deeply divergent Gracixalus medogensis, with additional insights on Gracixalus frogs (Rhacophoridae) in India Author Tajo, Tage 0000-0002-3525-3185 Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India tagetajo@gmail.com Author Upadhyaya K., Radhakrishna 0000-0002-3548-1575 Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India rkupadhyaya28@gmail.com Author Dikshit Akalabya Sarmah, A. N. 0009-0004-4746-0802 Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India eklavyakrum@yahoo.com Author Garg, Sonali 0000-0002-0048-4346 Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America sonaligarg@fas.harvard.edu Author Biju, S. D. 0000-0003-1039-4421 Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India sdbiju@es.du.ac.in text Zootaxa 2025 2025-07-07 5659 4 511 535 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.4.3 journal article 311505 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.4.3 4919793d-e2bc-4f6a-b198-0301ea18dbe0 1175-5326 16601684 6771177F-564D-4F67-BEB2-2D7548D61D5B

TABLE 2. Uncorrected intra- and interspecific pairwise genetic distances (p distance) in percentage for all members of Gracixalus sensu lato, based on the studied fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Comparisons with G. medogensis and G. patkaiensis are indicated in bold face. The diagonal represents intraspecific distances. Values are reported as mean genetic distances with minimum and maximum distances in parenthesis. Values in parentheses following the species names represent the number of samples.

S.No.	Species	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
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1	G. ananjevae (1)	0
2	G. gracilipes (3)	12.2 (11.6–12.7)	2.5 (2.0–3.2)
3	G. guangdongensis (2)	5.5 (5.2–5.8)	10.3 (9.7–10.7)	2.1
4	G. jinggangensis (2)	7.5	10.9 (10.5–11.3)	5.5 (5.2–5.8)	0
5	G. jinxiuensis (2)	7.4 (7.3–7.6)	11.0 (10.5–11.9)	5.7 (5.6–5.8)	6.9	0
6	G. lumarius (2)	14.9	14.4 (13.7–14.9)	14.7 (14.4–15.1)	14.9	16.0 (15.8–16.3)	0
7	G. medogensis (6)	10.9 (10.6–11.0)	12.0 (11.3–12.9)	10.8 (10.2–11.1)	10.0 (9.6–10.0)	11.1 (10.3–11.5)	16.0 (15.6–16.2)	0.7 (0.0–1.8)
8	G. nonggangensis (2)	8.6 (8.2–9.0)	12.3 (11.1–13.3)	6.6 (5.6–7.5)	7.3 (7.1–7.5)	8.0 (7.3–8.9)	16.3 (16.0–16.5)	11.4 (10.3–11.8)	2.7
9	G. patkaiensis (3)	11.6 (11.4–11.8)	5.3 (4.4–6.2)	9.2 (9.0–9.4)	10.3 (10.3–10.5)	10.0 (9.8–10.2)	14.1 (13.9–14.3)	11.5 (10.7–12.1)	11.8 (11.1–12.6)	0.8 (0.4–1.1)
10	G. quangi (2)	9.8 (9.7–9.9)	5.4 (5.0–6.4)	7.6 (7.4–7.8)	7.9 (7.8–8.0)	9.3 (9.0–9.5)	14.0 (13.9–14.0)	11.7 (11.3–11.9)	10.6 (10.1–11.3)	4.8 (4.4–5.1)	0.6
11	G. quyeti (2)	10.7 (10.6– 10.8)	7.6 (6.7–8.9)	9.0 (8.2–9.9)	10.8 (10.5–11.1)	9.6 (9.2–9.9)	13.5 (13.2–13.8)	12.6 (12.2–12.8)	11.1 (10.5–11.8)	7.4 (7.1–7.9)	5.5 (5.3–5.9)
12	G. sapaensis (2)	6.5 (6.4–6.6)	10.4 (9.9–11.0)	5.6 (5.2–5.9)	6.6 (6.2–7.1)	7.3 (6.8–7.8)	16.2 (15.6–16.7)	10.4 (9.8–11.0)	7.9 (7.5–8.7)	10.3 (9.9–10.8)	9.4 (9.0–9.9)
13	G. seesom (2)	10.6	6.3 (5.8–6.7)	8.3 (8.1–8.5)	9.7	9.2	15.5	11.2 (10.8–11.3)	9.9 (9.9–10.0)	5.4 (5.3–5.5)	5.9 (5.8–6.0)
14	G. supercornutus (2)	10.8 (10.7–10.9)	6.4 (5.5–7.5)	8.7 (8.6–8.8)	8.9 (8.8–9.0)	10.3 (10.1–10.5)	14.4 (14.1–14.7)	11.8 (11.4–12.0)	11.7 (11.1–12.2)	5.5 (5.1–5.9)	1.9 (1.4–2.5)
15	G. tianlinensis (2)	6.5	10.5 (10.0–11.1)	4.6 (4.2–5.0)	6.5	5.8 (5.8–5.8)	15.0	9.7 (9.4–10.1)	7.1 (7.0–7.2)	9.4 (9.2–9.6)	9.4 (9.3–9.5)
16	G. trieng (2)	5.5	10.6 (10.3–11.1)	4.0	5.0	5.4 (5.2–5.5)	14.1	9.0 (8.7–9.1)	6.7 (6.6–6.8)	9.3 (9.1–9.5)	7.5 (7.2–7.8)
17	G. truongi (2)	6.6	12.4 (11.6–13.1)	5.2	6.5	7.6 (7.5–7.7)	15.8	10.5 (10.1–10.8)	8.5 (8.5–8.6)	10.7 (10.5– 10.7)	8.8 (8.8–8.8)
18	G. yunnanensis (2)	3.9 (3.6–4.2)	11.3 (10.7–12.1)	3.0 (2.3–3.8)	4.8 (4.6–5.0)	5.7 (5.5–5.8)	14.4 (14.1–14.8)	9.5 (9.3–9.8)	6.6 (5.9–7.2)	10.1 (9.7–10.4)	8.1 (7.8–8.5)
19	G. ziegleri (2)	5.5 (5.5–5.5)	10.3 (9.7–10.9)	4.4 (4.3–4.5)	5.7 (5.6–5.7)	6.1 (6.0–6.1)	14.7 (14.7–14.8)	9.2 (9.0–9.6)	7.2 (6.9–7.4)	9.8 (9.5–10.3)	9.6 (9.5–9.7)