Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution Author Figueroa, Alex Author Low, Martyn E. Y. 0000-0001-7927-7149 martyn.low@nus.edu.sg Author Lim, Kelvin K. P. 0000-0002-0638-9198 kelvinlim@nus.edu.sg text Zootaxa 2023 2023-05-18 5287 1 1 378 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1 journal article 53474 10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1 90d83153-c065-4771-9ac7-35dda67996b5 1175-5326 7960319 78E23714-8973-4755-BC94-0A751D7D2B37

TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place.

Taxon	Earliest Known Specimen(s)/Observation(s) Year Reference Collected		Status	Number of Years Unreported Prior to 1990
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AMPHIBIA (31)
GYMNOPHIONA (2) Ichthyophiidae (2)
Ichthyophis paucisulcus Ichthyophis singaporensis	1904 1843	Hanitsch (1908) Cantor (1847c)	Native Native/IND	80 147
ANURA (29) Bufonidae (3)
Duttaphrynus bengalensis Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus Pelophryne ingeri Dicroglossidae (7)	1842 1989 1895	Girard (1858b) Lim (1989b) Flower (1896)	Native Native Native	37 — 89
Fejervarya cancrivora Fejervarya limnocharis Limnonectes blythii Limnonectes malesianus Limnonectes paramacrodon Limnonectes plicatellus Occidozyga sumatrana Eleutherodactylidae (1)	≤1858 ≤1896 ≤1931 1880 1974 1900 1927	Ģnther (1858a) Flower (1896) Smedley (1931d) Kiew (1984) (Lim, 1989) Butler (1903) CAS	Native Native Native Native Native Native Native	66 14 35 35 — 88 22
Eleutherodactylus planirostris	2015	Groenewoud & Law (2016)	Non-Native	—
Megophryidae (2) Leptobrachium nigrops Pelobatrachus nasutus Microhylidae (7)	≤1896 ≤1881	Flower (1896) Blanford (1881)	Native Native	66 60
Kalophrynus limbooliati Kaloula pulchra	≤1896 ≤1896	Flower (1896) Flower (1896)	Native Non-Native	95 60