| Habitus | annual (rarely perennial) | annual | perennial (rarely annual) | perennial (rarely annual) |
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| Fertile stems length (cm) | 6–40 | 5–21 | 10–40(–50) | 5–30(–40) |
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| Leaves (fertile stems): |
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| Arrangement | 3–5-verticillate, up to half of stems, upper alternate | 4-verticillate, upper alternate | 4–5-verticillate up to half of stems, upper alternate | alternate or the basal 3-6- verticillate, upper alternate |
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| Shape | linear to linear-oblanceolate, flat | linear-oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, usually revolute | linear-subulate to narrowly oblong, flat or ± revolute | linear, linear-oblanceolate or linear-subulate, flat or somewhat revolute |
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| Size (mm) | 3–22 × 0.5–1.5(–2) | (4–)6–19 × 0.7–2 | 10–40 × 0.5–1.5(–2) | 3–32 × 0.3–5 |
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| Inflorescence: |
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| Racemes (anthesis) | dense, corymbiform to racemiform | dense, corymbiform | dense, corymbiform to racemiform | dense, corymbiform to racemiform |
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| Length in flower (cm) | 6–26 | 2–3 | 2–30 | 3–25 |
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| Axis | glabrous, glaucous | pilose-glandulose | weakly pilose-glandulose, sometimes glabrous | pilose-glandulose, sometimes glabrescent |
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| Hair length (mm) | - | 0.2–0.5 | 0.2–0.5 | 0.2–1 |
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| Nº flowers | 2–30 | 2–7 | 5–50 | 2–25 |
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| Bract size (mm) | 2–8 × 0.4–1 | 2.5–4 × 0.2–1 | 2–8 × 0.4–1.1 | 2–11 × 0.3–1.3 |
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| Flower (measurements in mm): |
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| Pedicel length fl. | 0.5–2.5 | 0.7–1.5 | 0.5–3 | 0.5–3.5 |
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| Pedicel length fr. | 0.5–4 | 1–2.5 | 0.7–5 | 1–7 |
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| Calyx lobes | subequal to unequal, glabrous | unequal, pilose-glandulose | unequal, pilose-glandulose | unequal, pilose-glandulose |
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| Calyx adaxial lobe fl. | 2.5–6 × 0.4–0.9 | 4–6.5 × 0.3–0.7 | 4–6.5 × 0.8–1.2 | 4–8 × 0.5–1 |
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| Calyx adaxial lobe fr. | 3–6.5 × 0.5–1 | 4–6.5 × 0.4–0.8 | 5.5–8 × 0.8–1.3 | 4.5–8 × 0.6–1.2 |
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| Calyx abaxial lobe fl. | 2.5–5.5 × 0.4–1 | 2.5–3.5 × 0.6–1 | 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.3 | 2.5–6 × 0.7–1.2 |
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| Calyx abaxial lobe fr. | 3–6 × 0.6–1.1 | 3.9–4.2 × 1.2–1.7 | 4–5 × 1–1.5 | 3–7 × 0.8–1.5 |
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| Corolla colour (all 4 species have a yellow to orangish palate) | white, whitish-pinkish or yellowish | white to pale yellow | yellow to whitish-yellow | deep yellow, pale yellow, whitish or white |
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| Corolla length | 12–22 | 15–23 | 20–30 | 15–25 |
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| Width tube | 2.2–4 | 3.5–4.2 | 3.5–5 | 3–4 |
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| Spur length | 5–9 | 8–12 | 9–14 | 6.5–15 |
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| Spur width | 1–2 | 2–2.5 | 1.3–2.3 | 1.5–2 |
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| Capsule: |
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| Size (mm) | 3–5 × 3–5 | 3.8–4.5 × 4–5 | 4–7 × 4–7 | 3–7.5 × 2.8–7.5 |
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| Indument | glabrous | glabrous or rarely with very short and scattered hairs at the apex | glabrous, rarely pilose-glandulose at the apex | glabrous to pilose-glandulose in the upper half |
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| Seed: |
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| Size (mm) | 1.5–2.4 × 1.5–2.3 | 1.2–1.6 × (1.4–)1.5–1.8(– 1.9) | 2–2.6 × 1.8–2.4 | 1.7–2.8 × 1.5–2.7 |
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| Disc colour | black or dark grey | black | black, occasionally dark grey | black or dark grey |
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| Disc surface | papillose | tuberculate and papillose | smooth | smooth or tuberculate |
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| Wing width (mm) | 0.3–0.6, slightly thickened | 0.3–0.5, thickened | 0.4–0.9, not thickened | 0.3–0.6, not thickened |
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| Wing colour | black or dark grey | black or dark grey | black or dark grey | black or dark grey |
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| Distribution | N Iberian Peninsula | S Iberian Peninsula (S Córdoba province) | C Iberian Peninsula | SW Europe (N half Iberian Peninsula) |
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| Habitat | calcareous, siliceous, marly, gypsiferous soils | calcareous soils | argillaceous, sandy soils | calcareous, siliceous, marly, sandy soils |
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