Variability in the composition of phenolic compounds in winter-dormant Salix pyrolifolia in relation to plant part and age
Author
Lavola, Anu
∗ & Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Natural Product Research Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P. O. Box 111 FI- 80101 Joensuu, Finland
Author
Maukonen, Merja
Author
Julkunen-Tiitto, Riitta
text
Phytochemistry
2018
2018-09-30
153
102
110
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.021
journal article
285689
10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.021
724fd970-7ae0-4aaa-b429-cf11db084063
1873-3700
10483857
Table 2 Concentrations (mg g −1 dry wt ± s.e.) of phytochemicals in the vegetative buds and bark of winter-dormant S. pyrolifolia in the current-year and previous-year growth of 1-, 3- and 20-year-old trees. Different letters (a – c) express the statistically significant differences (p <0.05) due to age within the plant part. (* = overlap with quercetin glycosides).| Compounds | Buds 1-y current | Buds 3-y current | Buds 20-y current | Bark 1-y current | Bark 3-y current | Bark 20-y current | Bark 3-y previous | Bark 20-y previous |
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| Salicylate glucosides |
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| Salicin | 1.75 ± 0.42 a | 0.41 ± 0.02 b | 1.91 ± 0.26 a | 1.27 ± 0.09 a | 1.30 ± 0.09 a | 2.60 ± 0.56 b | 1.47 ± 0.35 a | 3.15 ± 0.72 b |
|---|
| HCH-derivative of salicin | – | – | – | 4.91 ± 0.47 a | 5.39 ± 0.89 b | 7.32 ± 0.89 c | 6.37 ± 0.80 b | 9.51 ± 0.82 c |
|---|
| Salicortin | 3.22 ± 1.05 a | 1.27 ± 0.55 a | 7.97 ± 2.50 b | 131.1 ± 15.0 a | 133.7 ± 12.2 a | 150.5 ± 16.8 a | 119.3 ± 8.78 a | 136.6 ± 12.1 a |
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| Disalicortin | – | – | – | 0.79 ± 0.13 a | 1.50 ± 0.26 b | 2.04 ± 0.25 b | 2.92 ± 0.91 b | 3.46 ± 0.30 b |
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| Simple phenolic glucosides | | | | | | | | |
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| Picein | 0.91 ± 0.38 a | 0.60 ± 0.10 a | 1.48 ± 0.41 b | 15.48 ± 4.11 a | 9.97 ± 6.10 a | 3.34 ± 0.12 a | 12.01 ± 4.52 a | 9.17 ± 1.36 a |
|---|
| Picein derivative | 0.48 ± 0.09 ab | 0.31 ± 0.01 a | 0.57 ± 0.09 b | 0.70 ± 0.11 a | 0.53 ± 0.07 a | 0.25 ± 0.02 b | 0.51 ± 0.06 a | 0.30 ± 0.04 b |
|---|
| Triandrin | 0.06 ± 0.03 a | – | 0.13 ± 0.02 a | 0.06 ± 0.06 a | 0.21 ± 0.01 a | 0.19 ± 0.04 a | 0.17 ± 0.02 a | 0.13 ± 0.02 a |
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| Salireposide | – | – | – | 4.63 ± 0.17 a | 4.03 ± 0.32 a | 5.10 ± 0.35 b | 4.68 ± 0.24 a | 8.04 ± 1.34 b |
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| Phenolic acids |
|---|
| Cinnamic acid derivative | 0.72 ± 0.14 ab | 0.76 ± 0.04 a | 0.43 ± 0.08 b | 0.13 ± 0.02 a | 0.16 ± 0.02 a | 0.09 ± 0.01 a | 0.12 ± 0.02 a | 0.10 ± 0.02 a |
|---|
| p -OH-Cinnamic acid-glucoside | 0.83 ± 0.13 a | 1.26 ± 0.03 b | 1.27 ± 0.08 b | 0.87 ± 0.24 ab | 1.36 ± 0.12 b | 0.57 ± 0.07 a | 1.24 ± 0.11 b | 0.80 ± 0.19 a |
|---|
| p -OH-Cinnamic acid derivative 1 | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | 0.39 ± 0.04 b | 0.41 ± 0.04 b | 0.21 ± 0.04 a | 0.47 ± 0.11 a | 0.47 ± 0.08 a | 0.26 ± 0.09 a | 0.29 ± 0.08 a |
|---|
| p -OH-Cinnamic acid derivative 2 | 0.02 ± 0.00 a | 0.14 ± 0.01 b | 0.26 ± 0.04 b | 0.27 ± 0.02 a | 0.35 ± 0.04 a | 0.32 ± 0.03 a | 0.38 ± 0.03 a | 0.33 ± 0.02 a |
|---|
| p -OH-Cinnamic acid derivative 3 | – | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | 0.17 ± 0.02 a | 0.05 ± 0.01 a | 0.10 ± 0.04 a | 0.17 ± 0.02 a | – | 0.15 ± 0.03 a |
|---|
| 5-Caffeoylquinic acid (Chlorogenic acid) | 7.24 ± 0.61 a | 7.18 ± 0.55 a | 4.31 ± 0.61 b | – | – | 1.28 ± 0.33 a | – | 1.31 ± 0.31 a |
|---|
| Chlorogenic acid derivative 1 | 1.39 ± 0.21 a | 2.35 ± 0.17 b | 1.84 ± 0.11 a | 1.74 ± 0.37 a | 4.77 ± 0.43 b | 1.31 ± 0.21 a | 3.95 ± 0.58 b | 1.88 ± 0.56 a |
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| Chlorogenic acid derivative 2 | 0.32 ± 0.02 a | 2.04 ± 0.16 b | 1.68 ± 0.27 c | 0.75 ± 0.10 a | 0.60 ± 0.13 a | 1.20 ± 0.22 a | 0.84 ± 0.29 a | 0.66 ± 0.17 a |
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| Flavonoids | | | | | | | | |
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| Isosalipurposide (Phloridzin) | 2.87 ± 0.83 a | 3.10 ± 0.55 a | 2.90 ± 0.41 a | 16.78 ± 3.51 a | 3.10 ± 0.80 b | 4.19 ± 0.30 b | 4.72 ± 1.65 b | 4.85 ± 0.84 b |
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| Monomethyl-isosalipurposide | 0.18 ± 0.08 a | 0.26 ± 0.02 a | 0.35 ± 0.04 a | 0.20 ± 0.03 a | 0.55 ± 0.10 b | 0.37 ± 0.05 a | 0.29 ± 0.09 a | 0.17 ± 0.04 a |
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| Dimethyl-isosalipurposide | 0.06 ± 0.03 a | 0.25 ± 0.02 b | 0.22 ± 0.02 b | 0.08 ± 0.01 a | 0.17 ± 0.04 b | 0.14 ± 0.02 b | 0.07 ± 0.02 a | 0.07 ± 0.03 a |
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| Naringenin 5- O -glucoside (Salipurposide) | 0.69 ± 0.14 a | 0.71 ± 0.10 a | 1.27 ± 0.13 b | 1.29 ± 0.65 ab | 0.60 ± 0.17 a | 1.07 ± 0.10 b | 0.89 ± 0.18 a | 2.13 ± 0.37 b |
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| Naringenin 5- O -glucoside derivative | 1.25 ± 0.24 a | 1.28 ± 0.19 a | 1.93 ± 0.23 b | 2.17 ± 0.98 a | 1.05 ± 0.26 a | 1.84 ± 0.17 a | 1.47 ± 0.27 a | 3.53 ± 0.52 b |
|---|
| Naringenin 7-O-glucoside (Prunin) | 0.22 ± 0.16 a | 0.23 ± 0.04 a | 0.21 ± 0.07 a | 0.18 ± 0.05 a | 0.49 ± 0.08 b | 0.12 ± 0.03 a | 0.50 ± 0.01 b | 0.03 ± 0.03 c |
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| Naringenin | 0.12 ± 0.01 a | 0.26 ± 0.02 b | 0.28 ± 0.02 b | – | – | – | – | – |
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| Quercetin 3- O -galactoside (Hyperin) | 1.59 ± 0.21 a | 4.62 ± 0.46 c | 3.51 ± 0.26 b | 1.31 ± 0.30 a | 3.22 ± 0.31 b | 0.84 ± 0.14 a | 2.87 ± 0.31 b | 1.01 ± 0.27 a |
|---|
| Quercetin 3- O -glucoside (Isoquercitrin) | 1.97 ± 0.30 a | 2.85 ± 0.15 b | 2.88 ± 0.17 b | 1.06 ± 0.12 a | 1.43 ± 0.15 a | 0.73 ± 0.10 b | 1.07 ± 0.20 a | 0.61 ± 0.12 b |
|---|
| 7- O -Methylquercetin (Rhamnetin) | 0.07 ± 0.01 a | 0.27 ± 0.01 c | 0.12 ± 0.01 b | 0.20 ± 0.03 | – | – | – | – |
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| Isorhamnetin 3- O -rhamnoside | 0.72 ± 0.03 a | 0.87 ± 0.07 b | 0.85 ± 0.05 b | 0.33 ± 0.03 a | 0.58 ± 0.07 a | – | 0.42 ± 0.06 a | – |
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| Kaempferol 3- O -glucoside (Astragalin) | 0.17 ± 0.01 a | 0.32 ± 0.03 b | 0.36 ± 0.04 b | – | – | – | – | – |
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| Methylluteolin glucorhamnoside | 0.12 ± 0.03 a | 0.34 ± 0.04 b | 0.35 ± 0.02 b | – | – | – | – | – |
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| Luteolin 7- O -glucoside | 0.49 ± 0.12 | * | * | 0.11 ± 0.03 | * | * | * | * |
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| Luteolin derivative | 0.07 ± 0.01 a | – | 0.16 ± 0.01 a | – | – | – | – | – |
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| Ampelopsin | 1.23 ± 0.31 a | 2.56 ± 0.32 b | 3.86 ± 0.29 c | – | – | 0.17 ± 0.07 a | – | 0.54 ± 0.09 b |
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| Catechin | 10.97 ± 0.30 a | 11.27 ± 0.27 a | 10.98 ± 1.06 a | 9.90 ± 1.03 a | 9.71 ± 0.42 a | 6.36 ± 0.21 b | 8.95 ± 0.42 a | 7.09 ± 0.31 b |
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| Condensed tannins, MeOH-soluble | 42.26 ± 6.03 a | 42.87 ± 0.98 a | 33.82 ± 4.49 a | 52.57 ± 2.25 a | 47.31 ± 1.37 a | 43.49 ± 5.20 a | 54.30 ± 7.38 a | 44.83 ± 5.41 a |
|---|
| Condensed tannins, MeOH-insoluble | 50.95 ± 2.48 a | 25.45 ± 1.60 b | 37.91 ± 5.26 c | 40.36 ± 7.56 a | 35.44 ± 1.74 a | 29.43 ± 0.98 a | 40.75 ± 6.65 a | 30.09 ± 2.65 a |
|---|
| TOTAL | 133.1 ± 10.5 a | 114.2 ± 6.84 a | 125.6 ± 10.5 a | 289.3 ± 13.3 a | 269.2 ± 25.6 a | 267.3 ± 26.1 a | 271.3 ± 29.1 a | 271.7 ± 21.5 a |
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