Effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: a comprehensive review Author Gündoğdu, Sedat Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkiye sgundogdu@cu.edu.tr Author Yeşilyurt, İrem Nur Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkiye Author Abbas, Zohaib Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Author Baylan, Makbule Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkiye text Turkish Journal of Zoology 2024 2024-06-14 48 5 248 285 https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3182 journal article 10.55730/1300-0179.3182 1303-6114 14684319

Table 3. Summary of recent studies on the occurrence of microplastics in aquatic mammals along with type, shape, color, and concentrations.

										Concentration (items/ individual/g ± SD)
Group	Location	Species studied	Individuals examined	Organ analyzed	Polymer type	Shape	Size	Advanced technology	Color		References
									Light blue (36%), clear (29%), blue (14%), white (11%), yellow, black, and red (3%)
	Donna Nook, Lincolnshire.	Halichoerus grypus	66	Fecal	N/A	Fibers (61%) and fragments (39%)	248 ± 264 µm	FTIR		0.81 ± 0.77 items/ individual	Desclos‐ Dukes et al. (2022)
	Zakynthos Island	Monk seal	12	Fecal	PA and PC	Filaments (84.9%), fragments (14.6%), and spheres (0.6%)	Filaments (2.78 mm), fragments (509.6 mm), and spheres (132.74 µm)	FTIR	Blue (39.16%), transparent/ translucid (34.34%), red (7.83%), green (6.02%), yellow (6.02%), and other (5%)	6-24 items/ individual	Hernandez- Milian et al. (2021)
Seals
						Fibers (60%), fragments (33.33%), and pellets (6.67%)
	Liaodong Bay, Northeast of China	Phoca largha	2	Stomach	PE (40%), PP (20%), PAN (13.33%), and others (26.66%)		1196 ± 671 µm	N/A	N/A	1.33 ± 1.52 items/g	Wang et al. (2021c)
	Southeastern Harbor seal Massachusetts, and grey USA seal		161	Fecal	Alkyd resin, Cellophane, d poly (ethylene:propylene:diene) and rubber	Fibers and fragments	>5 mm	FTIR	Tan, white, purple and red	N/A	Hudak and Sette, (2019)
						Fibers
	Irish south coast	Halichoerus grypus	13	Intestine	N/A	(85%), fragments (4%) and	N/A	N/A	N/A	27.9 ± 14.7 items/ individual	Hernandez- Milian et al. (2019)
						films (1%)
						Fragments			Blue (61.73 %), black (22.06 %), green (6.8 N/A %), and red (6.1 %)		Da Silva et al. (2024)
						(87.79 %), films (10.56 %), and spheres (1.64 %)
	Southeastern coast, Brazil	Sotalia guianensis	12	Forestomach + intestine	PP (28.57 %) and PE		6.39– 1701.72 µm	N/A
		Delphinus delphis, Kogia breviceps, Mesoplodon ginkgodens, Sousa chinensis							Transparent (48.6%), white (15.6%), black 86.44 ± (14.4%), yellow 12.22 items/ (8.5%), blue individual (7.1%), red (3.5%), and green (2.6%)		Aierken et al. (2024)
	Western Coast, Taiwan		9	Intestine	PET (39.5%), PP (17%), PS Fibers (14.5%), PA (8%), rayon (23.7– (6.7%), and PE (3%) 96.9%)		0.5–5 mm	FTIR
						Fibers (91.78%), fragments (8.12%), and spherical beads (0.09%)
		Phocoena phocoena relicta, Tursiops truncatus ponticus							Black (34%), blue (32%), clear (28%), N/A red, white, grey, brown and green (6%)
Dolphin	Romanian coast, Black Sea		9	Stomach + intestine	N/A		22.86– 5776 µm	N/A			Filimon et al. (2024)
	Eastern Baja Coryphaena California Sur, hippurus México Linnaeus		51	Stomach + intestine	Nylon (29%), PP (29%), PE (11%), PET (6%), and HDPE (8%)	Fragments (68%), Fibers N/A (29%), and films (1.3%)		ATR-FTIR	White, yellow, blue, black, green, red, rose, and transparent	N/A	Rosas et al. (2023)
	Northeastern Brazil					Fragments
						(57.2%), filaments (15.8%), 0.36 ± foam (10.3 0.03 mm %), films (9.6%), and beads (7.1 %)
		Sotalia guianensis	40	Stomach	PU, PET, EVA (18% each), styrene-butadiene rubber, PP, PA, ABS and HDPE (9% each)			N/A	White and black (39.5%), blue (13.2%), green (4.2%), and red (3.5%)	7.77 ± 1.25 items/ individual	Pereira et al. (2023)