Diversification in ancient Lake Biwa: integrative taxonomy reveals overlooked species diversity of the Japanese freshwater snail genus Semisulcospira (Mollusca: Semisulcospiridae) Author Sawada, Naoto Author Fuke, Yusuke text Contributions to Zoology 2023 2022-08-22 92 1 1 37 http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10035 journal article 267806 10.1163/18759866-BJA10035 c846d9c5-4d9d-441f-919a-aa40017d9b93 1875-9866 8349612

TABLE 2 Morphometric characters of five Semisulcospira species examined in the present study. Measurements and counts: minimum–maximum value (mean ± SD)

Characters	S. niponica	S. fuscata	S. watanabei	S. nakanoi	S. salebrosa
			sp. nov.	sp. nov.	sp. nov.
Female
Aperture height (AH)	7.7–12.6	8.4–11.7	6.9–11.8	9.6–12.3	11.4–14.8
	(10.2 ± 0.9)	(10.3 ± 1.0)	(9.5 ± 0.9)	(11.1 ± 0.8)	(13.2 ± 1.0)
Aperture length (AL)	8.3–12.9	8.5–12.1	7.7–11.9	10.1–13.5	11.7–15.6
	(10.8 ± 1.0)	(10.6 ± 0.9)	(10.0 ± 0.8)	(11.8 ± 0.9)	(13.7 ± 1.0)
Aperture swell legth	0–0.14	0–0.12	0–0.23	0.11–0.31	0.27–0.82
(ASL)	(0.06 ± 0.04)	(0.04 ± 0.04)	(0.06 ± 0.05)	(0.20 ± 0.05)	(0.44 ± 0.12)
Aperture slenderness	1.34–1.84	1.63–1.91	1.52–1.95	1.32–1.74	1.47–1.90
ratio (ASR)	(1.6 ± 0.1)	(1.8 ± 0.1)	(1.7 ± 0.1)	(1.6 ± 0.1)	(1.6 ± 0.1)
Aperture width (AW)	5.0–8.2	5.0–6.9	4.7–7.1	6.0–8.6	6.7–10.2
	(6.6 ± 0.7)	(6.0 ± 0.5)	(5.9 ± 0.5)	(7.4 ± 0.7)	(8.5 ± 0.9)
Basal cord number	2–5 (3.3 ± 1.0)	2–6 (3.9 ± 1.0)	2–4 (2.8 ± 0.8)	2–3 (2.5 ± 0.5)	2–5 (2.5 ± 0.7)
(BCN)
Body whorl length	12.9–21.2	13.9–19.4	11.9–19.3	15.9–21.6	19.3–24.4
(BWL)	(17.3 ± 1.6)	(17.1 ± 1.7)	(15.9 ± 1.3)	(18.9 ± 1.3)	(21.9 ± 1.5)
Fourth whorl length	2.4–5.2	2.4–4.8	2.3–4.6	2.7–4.6	3.8–5.3
(FWL)	(3.5 ± 0.5)	(3.6 ± 0.6)	(3.5 ± 0.5)	(3.9 ± 0.4)	(4.4 ± 0.4)
Penultimate whorl	4.4–8.2	4.9–7.5	4.4–7.4	5.5–8 (7.0 ± 0.5)	7.1–9.0
length (PWL)	(6.3 ± 0.8)	(6.2 ± 0.8)	(5.7 ± 0.6)		(7.9 ± 0.5)
Longitudinal rib num-	9–20 (13.1 ± 2.1)	9–18 (13.8 ± 3.0)	7–16 (11.1 ± 1.8)	8–14 (11.3 ± 1.3)	8–14 (11.1 ± 1.6)
ber of
penultimate whorl
(RN)
Spire angle (SA)	16.5–28.9	15.6–24.7	16.7–28.4	17.2–26.7	17.0–27.7
	(23.2 ± 2.7)	(19.2 ± 2.1)	(21.1 ± 2.7)	(21.5 ± 2.6)	(21.2 ± 2.5)
Spiral cord number	3–6 (4.2 ± 0.8)	4–7 (5.0 ± 0.8)	4–6 (4.6 ± 0.6)	3–5 (3.7 ± 0.6)	3–6 (3.4 ± 0.7)
of penultimate whorl
(SCN)
Shell height (SH)	21.6–36.4	21.1–35.0	20.1–37.0	24.0–35.7	32.2–39.8
	(27.7 ± 2.9)	(29.3 ± 3.9)	(26.8 ± 3.0)	(30.6 ± 2.7)	(35.7 ± 2.0)
Shell width (SW)	9.1–14.7	9.1–12.1	8.2–12.8	11.1–15.7	12.8–18.2
	(12.0 ± 1.2)	(10.7 ± 0.8)	(10.6 ± 0.9)	(13.5 ± 1.2)	(15.3 ± 1.2)
Third whorl length	3.7–6.4	3.7–5.8	3.5–6.0	4.6–6.5	5.3–7.3
(TWL)	(4.8 ± 0.5)	(4.8 ± 0.5)	(4.5 ± 0.5)	(5.5 ± 0.4)	(6.2 ± 0.5)
Whorl elongation	2.15–3.56	2.31–3.64	2.30–3.41	2.47–3.55	2.52–3.55
ratio (WER)	(2.9 ± 0.3)	(2.9 ± 0.3)	(2.8 ± 0.2)	(2.9 ± 0.2)	(3.0 ± 0.3)
Whorl number (WN)	3.00–6.25	4.00–6.00	3.25–6.00	3.50–5.25	3.25–6.25
	(4.3 ± 0.6)	(4.9 ± 0.6)	(4.7 ± 0.7)	(4.2 ± 0.5)	(4.4 ± 0.6)
Sculpture type	88% / 12% /	8% / 49% /	19% / 81% / 0%	100% / 0% / 0%100% / 0% /
(node / rib / smooth)	0%	43%			0%
Number of embryos	2–145	17–82	21–90	10–66	15–68
(EN)	(50.0 ± 27.4)	(48.3 ± 20.4)	(49.0 ± 22.2)	(34.4 ± 17.2)	(32.0 ± 13.0)