Alfalfa responses to drought, salinity, and herbivory by Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and performance of the pest on water-stressed plants Author Khodayari, Samira . Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, P. O. Box: 55181 - 83111, Maragheh, Iran; E-mail: khodayari @ maragheh. ac. ir khodayari@maragheh.ac.ir Author Abedini, Fatemeh . Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, P. O. Box: 55181 - 83111, Maragheh, Iran; E-mail: abedini _ 5883 @ yahoo. com abedini_5883@yahoo.com text Persian Journal of Acarology 2022 2022-10-15 11 4 695 711 journal article 10.22073/pja.v11i4.75896 2251-8169 7447461

Table 4. Mean (± SE) duration (days) of the different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae grown on leaves collected from alfalfa plants treated with drought and salinity stresses.

	Egg	Larva	Proton. *	Deuton. *	Preadult	Female total longevity	Male total longevity	APOP	TPOP	Fecundity	Oviposition days
* Proton.: Protonymph; Deuton.: Deutonymph. The standard errors were calculated using the bootstrap procedure with 100000 bootstraps. Within each column mean (± SE) following by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (paired bootstrap test p> 0.05). Larval stage considered as larva + protochrysalis, protonymph considered as protonymph + deutochrysalis and deutonymph considered as deutonymph + tritochrysalis.
The standard errors were calculated using the bootstrap procedure with 100000 bootstraps. Within each column mean (± SE) following by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (paired bootstrap test p> 0.05). APOP and TPOP mean adult pre-ovipositional period and total pre-ovipositional period respectively.
Control	4.86 ± 0.12a	2.35 ± 0.15b	1.85 ± 0.08c	2.15 ± 0.13b	11.20 ± 0.20b	20.14 ± 0.42a	21.50 ± 1.12a	1.29 ± 0.13a	12.64 ± 0.20bc	38.50 ± 3.26a	7.07 ± 0.37a
50% FC	4.50 ± 0.11b	2.37 ± 0.12b	2.08 ± 0.10b	2.38 ± 0.13a	11.21 ± 0.21b	16.13 ± 0.55b	15.11 ± 1.42bc	1.15 ± 0.10ab	12.38 ± 0.21c	13.67 ± 2.56b	4.08 ± 0.56b
25% FC	4.65 ± 0.22b	2.18 ± 0.26b	2.22 ± 0.22a	1.88 ± 0.39b	10.25 ± 0.70b	13.25 ± 0.85c	13.00 ± 0.41d	0.67 ± 0.33c	10.33 ± 1.20d	4.50 ± 1.85c	2.33 ± 0.67d
100 mM NaCl	4.25 ± 0.08b	2.81 ± 0.20a	2.06 ± 0.17b	2.38 ± 0.30a	11.31 ± 0.39b	15.56 ± 0.99b	14.29 ± 0.84c	1.71 ± 0.42a	13.43 ± 1.00abc	4.56 ± 1.13c	2.43 ± 0.48c
200 mM NaCl	4.88 ± 0.14a	2.83 ± 0.24a	2.40 ± 0.16a	2.56 ± 0.24a	12.89 ± 0.26a	16.50 ± 1.32b	17.00 ± 0.71b	1.33 ± 0.33a	14.33 ± 0.67a	4.75 ± 2.29c	3.33 ± 0.33bc
300 mM NaCl	4.46 ± 0.12b	2.79 ± 0.18a	1.73 ± 0.19c	2.33 ± 0.28a	11.33 ± 0.33b	14.00 ± 0.71c	14.25 ± 1.25c	1.00 ± 00b	13.00 ± 00b	2.60 ± 1.29d	2.00 ± 0.58d