Ontogenetic changes in mouth morphology triggers conflicting hypotheses of relationships in characid fishes (Ostariophysi: Characiformes) Author Hirschmann, Alice Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. alicehirschmann@gmail.com Author Fagundes, Nelson J. R. Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970 PortoAlegre, RS, Brazil nelson.fagundes@ufrgs.br Author Malabarba, Luiz R. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil malabarb@ufrgs.br text Neotropical Ichthyology 2017 2017-03-30 15 1 e 160073 1 16 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20160073 journal article 315409 10.1590/1982-0224-20160073 91d7f13c-7fb3-424a-bdec-8cf386cabcb0 1982-0224 20629149

Tab. 1. Morphometrics of the holotype (UMMZ 143272), twelve paratypes (UMMZ 143271; USNM 143847) and others 306 individuals. Standard length is expressed in mm.

	Holotype	Paratypes					Rio Maquiné					Rio Três Forquilhas					Rio Mampituba					Rio Araranguá
		N	Min	Max	Mean	SD	N	Min	Max	Mean	SD	N	Min	Max	Mean	SD	N	Min	Max	Mean	SD	N	Min	Max	Mean	SD
Standard length (mm)	48.68	12	23.25	34.50	28.73	-	30	22.28	73.37	45.96	-	68	20.67	67.61	39.98	-	149	20.54	69.06	39.62	-	59	17.48	66.01	38.93	-
Percents of Standard Length
Predorsal length	51.01	12	51.01	53.57	52.21	0.84	30	48.97	53.44	50.74	1.12	68	48.25	54.32	51.10	1.27	149	47.94	56.47	51.43	1.38	59	34.33	56.85	50.77	2.56
Prepelvic length	44.36	12	44.36	50.88	47.52	1.61	30	45.11	50.25	47.56	1.24	67	44.93	52.34	47.61	1.32	149	44.67	51.99	47.79	1.61	59	45.17	50.45	47.80	1.19
Prepectoral length	22.99	12	23.50	25.65	24.92	0.72	30	21.72	27.74	24.33	1.68	67	21.08	30.20	24.83	2.11	149	21.64	30.45	25.00	2.18	59	22.52	30.78	25.60	1.77
Preanal length	59.85	12	59.85	64.25	62.08	1.31	30	58.48	66.25	63.16	1.63	68	59.16	66.32	62.72	1.45	149	57.89	66.88	62.15	1.87	59	57.54	66.49	62.57	1.85
Body depth	24.43	12	24.43	27.88	26.21	0.94	30	24.37	32.55	29.03	2.25	68	23.61	33.57	28.03	2.34	149	23.15	34.71	28.21	2.20	59	20.48	32.84	27.89	2.77
Caudal peduncule depth	8.34	12	8.34	10.20	9.28	0.57	30	9.45	11.87	10.59	0.68	68	8.10	12.21	10.28	0.90	149	8.23	16.27	10.60	0.90	59	7.32	12.09	10.38	1.02
Caudal peduncule length	15.85	12	15.85	18.55	17.39	0.92	30	14.57	21.23	17.67	1.76	68	9.59	20.53	17.14	1.59	149	11.78	20.84	17.31	1.25	59	13.97	20.28	17.55	1.45
Anal-fin base length	19.04	12	21.34	27.14	23.31	1.51	30	16.85	24.97	21.32	1.66	68	17.75	24.65	21.83	1.46	149	19.02	29.08	22.40	1.52	59	17.52	27.27	21.81	1.55
Anal-fin depth	18.18	12	18.65	22.41	20.60	1.03	30	15.50	21.98	18.84	1.75	68	16.29	24.34	19.57	1.71	149	13.21	25.39	19.92	1.75	59	17.22	24.64	19.82	1.51
Dorsal-fin base length	11.26	12	11.26	14.49	12.48	1.11	30	10.82	14.86	12.72	1.34	68	9.92	19.40	12.88	1.48	149	8.80	17.40	12.81	1.32	59	8.44	16.20	12.65	1.42
Dorsal-fin depth	21.16	12	21.33	26.86	24.60	1.78	24	19.86	26.51	24.27	1.71	48	21.79	34.14	24.84	1.78	67	21.29	40.16	25.43	2.57	10	22.60	27.29	24.57	1.47
Pelvic-fin length	13.66	12	13.79	16.99	15.38	0.99	26	12.97	16.44	15.14	0.79	48	11.71	16.69	14.91	1.10	67	12.88	22.19	15.57	1.35	11	14.71	17.03	15.64	0.82
Pectoral-fin length	17.36	12	19.21	25.29	21.93	1.48	24	16.16	22.14	20.00	1.49	47	16.17	23.29	20.06	1.61	66	15.81	27.59	20.51	1.69	11	18.71	23.24	20.78	1.44
Head length	23.15	11	24.09	27.11	25.89	0.93	30	22.16	27.04	25.01	1.27	68	22.30	29.79	25.47	1.75	149	22.50	28.65	25.50	1.54	59	22.99	29.57	25.57	1.21
Percents of Head Length
Snout length	22.10	12	22.10	29.12	25.91	1.85	30	24.48	31.56	27.95	1.76	68	22.11	36.42	26.82	2.66	149	20.21	35.87	25.83	2.24	59	21.45	29.79	25.90	1.81
Maxillary length	-	-	-	-	-	-	30	30.79	43.37	38.08	2.47	68	31.50	41.47	37.09	2.42	149	27.07	42.02	36.54	2.22	59	29.65	40.03	35.77	1.99
Premaxillary length	13.83	12	13.83	20.98	17.41	2.27	30	20.27	30.78	25.60	2.63	68	16.16	32.51	23.39	3.67	142	15.55	30.14	22.60	3.38	59	15.28	28.92	21.06	2.70
Eye diameter	39.25	12	39.25	47.86	43.55	2.56	30	29.37	46.42	38.80	3.50	68	21.10	50.97	40.77	3.98	149	32.92	49.77	41.06	3.10	59	32.90	50.23	41.39	3.10
Interorbital	21.14	12	21.14	30.45	27.42	2.82	30	26.06	38.07	30.83	2.62	68	20.82	38.49	29.71	3.48	149	22.84	48.19	31.13	3.21	59	19.05	33.30	28.87	3.09
Mouth width	-	-	-	-	-	-	30	24.15	34.69	28.55	2.55	68	21.78	37.42	28.65	3.10	149	20.00	36.66	27.81	3.46	58	20.65	33.25	26.45	3.04
Counts
Anal-fin branched rays	15	12	14	16	15.17	0.72	29	13	18	15.72	1.19	68	14	19	16.01	0.98	149	13	18	15.74	0.95	58	14	18	16.19	0.76
Dorsal-fin branched rays	8	12	8	8	8.00	0.00	30	7	10	8.00	0.45	68	7	8	7.97	0.17	149	7	9	7.99	0.14	58	7	8	7.98	0.13
Pelvic-fin branched rays	7	12	7	8	7.08	0.29	30	6	8	6.93	0.37	68	6	8	6.99	0.32	148	6	8	7.02	0.22	57	6	8	6.93	0.32
Pectoral-fin branched rays	10	9	9	12	10.67	0.87	30	11	13	11.90	0.71	68	11	13	12.01	0.44	148	10	14	12.14	0.75	58	10	13	11.71	0.62
Caudal-fin branched rays	19	11	18	19	18.73	0.47	22	18	19	18.95	0.21	68	18	19	18.96	0.21	146	17	20	18.99	0.22	53	17	20	18.96	0.34
Lateral line scales	37	12	35	38	37.50	0.90	27	36	40	37.93	1.07	60	35	40	37.83	0.87	115	36	40	37.97	0.72	46	34	39	37.63	1.12
Rows of scales lateral line/dorsal fin	5	12	4	5	4.92	0.29	28	4	5	4.96	0.19	65	4	5	4.95	0.21	147	4	6	4.99	0.16	54	5	6	5.02	0.14
Rows of scales lateral line/pelvic fin	3	12	3	4	3.58	0.51	28	3	5	3.86	0.59	65	3	5	3.89	0.36	143	3	5	3.80	0.44	54	3	4	3.94	0.23
Rows of scales lateral line/anal fin	4	12	3	4	3.75	0.45	28	3	4	3.82	0.39	66	3	4	3.91	0.29	141	3	4	3.89	0.31	53	4	4	4.00	0.00
Predorsal scales	13	12	10	13	11.33	0.98	30	11	13	11.83	0.70	68	10	14	12.10	0.74	148	10	14	12.05	0.77	55	11	14	12.16	0.81
Circunpeduncular scales	14	12	14	14	14.00	0.00	28	13	14	13.93	0.26	54	13	14	13.96	0.19	116	12	14	13.96	0.24	48	14	14	14.00	0.00
Scale sheath on anal-fin base	5	12	5	7	6.42	0.79	29	4	7	5.83	0.97	68	2	7	5.57	1.23	146	2	8	5.53	1.10	55	1	9	5.55	1.50