A review of the flying fish genus Cypselurus (Beloniformes: Exocoetidae). Part 2. Revision of the subgenus Poecilocypselurus Bruun, 1935 with descriptions of three new species and five new subspecies and reinstatement of Exocoetus apus Valenciennes and E. neglectus Bleeker Author Shakhovskoy, Ilia B. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IORAS) Nahimovskiy Prospect 36, Moscow, Russia, 117997 ilisha@yandex.com Author Parin, Nikolay V. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IORAS) Nahimovskiy Prospect 36, Moscow, Russia, 117997 text Zootaxa 2022 2022-03-23 5117 1 1 109 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5117.1.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5117.1.1 4d31b234-af7e-403f-bc87-f7101f082487 1175-5326 6378619 CFA7895B-43A7-4E19-8623-E8EAE4C43A89
TABLE 10. Some indexes of measurements for flying fishes Cypselurus starksi, C. oligolepis, C. izumii sp. nov., C. clariangulatus sp. nov., C. neglectus, C. nossibe sp. nov. and Cypselurus sp. (poecilopterus?).
Species / subspecies, regionSL, mmindex
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cV/pVDc/clP/lVlP/lP 1po/oc/o
Cypselurus starksi166.8 (n=16) 130.0–200.00.81 (n=6) 0.76–0.881.15 (n=14) 1.05–1.252.03 (n=8) 1.73–2.201.73 (n=8) 1.64–1.811.32 (n=6) 1.26–1.403.13 (n=10) 2.95–3.33
C. o. oligolepis (South China Sea)63.6 (n=10) 43.0–96.00.72 0.64–0.811.08 1.01–1.141.43 1.33–1.651.78 1.69–1.901.12 (n=9) 0.89–1.342.65 (n=9) 2.12–3.04
134.5 (n=29) 103.0–167.00.75 (n=5) 0.71–0.781.12 (n=22) 1.00–1.271.93 (n=18) 1.71–2.121.79 (n=4) 1.75–1.871.29 (n=13) 1.16–1.422.94 (n=14) 2.70–3.16
C. o. oligolepis (Singapore)50.8 (n=5) 43.0–75.50.71 0.65–0.741.06 (n=3) 1.02–1.101.32 (n=2) 1.25–1.401.85 1.81–1.881.00 0.88–1.162.40 2.24–2.72
131.5 (n=28) 117.0–146.00.73 (n=26) 0.68–0.791.06 0.97–1.141.94 (n=27) 1.82–2.221.73 (n=26) 1.63–1.901.25 (n=25) 1.13–1.362.93 (n=26) 2.69–3.16
C. o. oligolepis (Indonesia and Australia)54.3 (n=7) 31.5–78.00.68 (n=5) 0.64–0.721.13 (n=6) 1.07–1.251.41 (n=5) 1.24–1.601.86 (n=2) 1.84–1.881.10 (n=4) 1.00–1.182.38 (n=5) 2.02–2.58
144.9 (n=32) 120.0–170.00.72 (n=6) 0.65–0.771.13 (n=23) 1.02–1.262.05 (n=18) 1.86–2.201.67 (n=19) 1.58–1.811.37 (n=7) 1.28–1.453.03 (n=21) 2.75–3.38
C. o. oligolepis (Philippines)58.5 (n=18) 31.5–99.00.72 (n=16) 0.64–0.801.13 0.97–1.251.40 (n=16) 1.22–1.671.79 (n=13) 1.57–1.931.13 (n=16) 0.84–1.422.55 (n=17) 2.04–3.11
126.6 (n=16) 107.0–136.00.72 (n=3) 0.67–0.781.10 (n=3) 1.03–1.142.00 (n=2) 1.96–2.041.66 (n=1)1.29 (n=3) 1.23–1.353.02 (n=3) 2.85–3.16
C. o. oligolepis (Andaman Sea and Padang Hr.)82.0 (n=6) 55.5–99.00.72 0.66–0.771.11 1.00–1.181.59 1.44–1.771.73 (n=4) 1.69–1.771.19 1.05–1.382.71 2.61–2.98
137.4 (n=9) 130.0–145.00.73 (n=2) 0.71–0.761.07 0.99–1.192.07 (n=6) 1.98–2.131.72 (n=5) 1.55–1.851.24 (n=2) 1.17–1.323.03 (n=6) 2.81–3.29
C. o. oligolepis (Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea)79.2 (n=2) 78.5–80.00.76 0.75–0.771.12 1.06–1.191.70 (n=1)––2.63 2.53–2.74
156.6 (n=13) 144.0–175.00.75 (n=6) 0.71–0.791.08 (n=10) 1.00–1.172.08 (n=6) 2.05–2.131.71 (n=6) 1.57–1.791.34 (n=6) 1.30–1.393.07 (n=6) 2.99–3.17
cV/pVDc/clP/lVlP/lP 1po/oc/o
C. o. oligolepis61.9 (n=48)0.72 (n=44)1.11 (n=45)1.44 (n=40)1.79 (n=34)1.12 (n=40)2.56 (n=44)
(all regions)31.5–99.00.64–0.810.97–1.251.22–1.771.57–1.930.84–1.422.02–3.11
137.7 (n=129)0.73 (n=50)1.09 (n=97)1.99 (n=79)1.71 (n=61)1.28 (n=57)2.98 (n=78)
103.0–175.00.65–0.800.97–1.271.71–2.221.55–1.901.13–1.452.69–3.38
C. o. persicus90 (n=1)–1.111.791.82–3.06
166.8 (n=7)0.81 (n=2)1.102.26 (n=4)1.66 (n=3)1.56 (n=2)3.30
158.0–181.00.79–0.831.02–1.202.21–2.321.57–1.791.49–1.633.01–3.65
C. o. georgii69.0 (n=6)0.731.041.66 (n=5)1.831.342.87
39.0–95.00.69–0.781.00–1.071.34–1.871.74–1.931.22–1.512.44–3.14
120.4 (n=8)0.761.071.98 (n=7)1.75 (n=7)1.483.24
103.5–145.00.73–0.800.95–1.191.86–2.081.67–1.841.36–1.613.00–3.49
C. o. apus (Philippines)127.8 (n=11)0.70 (n=2)1.06 (n=3)2.12 (n=3)1.62 (n=3)1.14 (n=2)2.81 (n=3)
119.0–139.50.67–0.721.03–1.082.03–2.211.59–1.641.14–1.152.74–2.87
C. o. apus (Indonesia)91.0 (n=4)0.790.982.011.611.132.68
85.0–94.50.73–0.850.92–1.051.89–2.131.56–1.691.11–1.162.55–2.79
135.8 (n=9)0.79 (n=5)1.05 (n=8)2.17 (n=7)1.70 (n=6)1.20 (n=6)2.89 (n=8)
116.5–148.00.75–0.811.00–1.112.12–2.231.60–1.831.16–1.252.81–3.06
C. o. apus (New Guinea)39.4 (n=7)0.751.091.351.64 (n=6)0.96 (n=6)2.30 (n=6)
32.0–43.00.67–0.851.01–1.201.29–1.441.59–1.680.86–1.052.13–2.43
135.5 (n=2)–1.052.44 (n=1)––2.68 (n=2)
135.0–136.01.04–1.062.63–2.73
C. o. apus (Melanesia)122.6 (n=23)0.76 (n=18)1.032.16 (n=21)1.70 (n=20)1.13 (n=18)2.74 (n=22)
110.0–144.00.69–0.860.92–1.162.02–2.321.60–1.871.03–1.282.58–2.96
C. o. apus (all regions)58.2 (n=11)0.761.051.591.63 (n=10)1.03 (n=10)2.45 (n=10)
32.0–94.50.67–0.850.92–1.201.29–2.131.56–1.690.86–1.162.13–2.79
127.1 (n=45)0.76 (n=25)1.03 (n=36)2.17 (n=32)1.69 (n=29)1.15 (n=26)2.78 (n=35)
110.0–148.00.67–0.850.92–1.162.04–2.441.59–1.871.03–1.282.58–3.06
cV/pVDc/clP/lVlP/lP 1po/oc/o
Cypselurus oligolepis (species total)62.4 (n=66)0.73 (n=61)1.09 (n=63)1.50 (n=57)1.77 (n=51)1.13 (n=56)2.57 (n=61)
31.5–99.00.64–0.850.92–1.251.22–2.131.56–1.930.84–1.512.02–3.14
135.5 (n=189)0.74 (n=85)1.07 (n=148)2.04 (n=122)1.70 (n=100)1.27 (n=93)2.96 (n=128)
103.0–181.00.65–0.850.92–1.271.71–2.441.55–1.901.03–1.632.58–3.65
Cypselurus izumii176.3 (n=12)0.791.181.99 (n=10)1.65 (n=7)1.393.20
156.5–188.00.72–0.881.07–1.301.91–2.051.58–1.721.29–1.483.09–3.28
Cypselurus clariangulatus60.2 (n=24)0.701.151.40 (n=22)1.78 (n=20)1.102.52
29.5–92.00.49–0.800.99–1.321.01–1.671.58–2.010.76–1.392.00–2.97
137.3 (n=11)0.77 (n=9)1.06 (n=10)2.19 (n=9)1.70 (n=8)1.35 (n=9)3.07 (n=10)
108.5–153.00.71–0.851.02–1.111.99–2.261.59–1.771.27–1.532.92–3.30
C. n. neglectus (Tonkin Bay)82.9 (n=7)0.84 (n=6)1.06 (n=5)1.66 (n=6)1.81 (n=6)1.27 (n=5)2.79 (n=5)
64.0–95.00.81–0.881.00–1.111.54–1.761.76–1.871.25–1.312.74–2.81
143.0 (n=18)0.86 (n=15)1.07 (n=14)1.98 (n=11)1.69 (n=10)1.32 (n=16)3.04 (n=17)
112.0–160.50.82–0.910.95–1.191.74–2.161.60–1.771.17–1.492.79–3.36
C. n. neglectus (other areas)51.9 (n=14)0.80 (n=11)1.13 (n=12)1.41 (n=10)1.76 (n=8)0.98 (n=11)2.31 (n=13)
33.0–100.00.71–0.871.00–1.221.30–1.571.55–1.840.83–1.252.05–2.91
139.1 (n=28)0.84 (n=20)1.05 (n=27)2.05 (n=21)1.70 (n=20)1.28 (n=21)2.97 (n=23)
109.0–160.00.79–0.890.97–1.141.85–2.211.53–1.851.17–1.402.75–3.14
C. n. neglectus (all regions)62.2 (n=21)0.82 (n=17)1.11 (n=17)1.50 (n=16)1.78 (n=14)1.07 (n=16)2.44 (n=18)
33.0–100.00.71–0.881.00–1.221.30–1.761.55–1.870.83–1.312.05–2.91
140.6 (n=46)0.85 (n=35)1.06 (n=41)2.03 (n=32)1.69 (n=30)1.30 (n=37)3.00 (n=40)
109.0–160.50.79–0.910.95–1.191.74–2.211.53–1.851.17–1.492.75–3.36
C. n. shcherbachevi (Indonesia)67.6 (n=5)0.88 (n=4)1.13 (n=4)1.45 (n=4)1.74 (n=4)1.16 (n=4)2.62 (n=4)
47.0–85.00.80–0.961.04–1.231.35–1.511.70–1.801.02–1.252.43–2.73
124.0 (n=2)0.941.13––1.202.85
109.0–139.00.93–0.951.11–1.161.18–1.232.83–2.88
cV/pVDc/clP/lVlP/lP 1po/oc/o
C. n. shcherbachevi69.2 (n=18)0.89 (n=12)1.11 (n=14)1.54 (n=13)1.79 (n=14)1.23 (n=11)2.69 (n=12)
(Andaman Sea)36.0–90.00.84–0.950.97–1.231.30–1.731.66–1.951.08–1.372.53–2.88
127.9 (n=9)0.91 (n=6)1.06 (n=8)2.02 (n=7)1.69 (n=7)1.27 (n=6)2.88 (n=7)
105.5–152.00.85–0.960.97–1.151.86–2.141.60–1.761.20–1.332.77–2.96
C. n. shcherbachevi71.9 (n=20)0.891.15 (n=18)1.46 (n=16)1.81 (n=15)1.23 (n=18)2.64 (n=18)
(Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea)35.0–83.50.81–0.951.09–1.211.29–1.591.73–1.930.89–1.412.10–2.81
143.9 (n=13)0.92 (n=7)1.14 (n=7)1.84 (n=7)1.73 (n=6)1.36 (n=7)2.93 (n=7)
105.0–186.00.89–0.951.08–1.211.74–2.131.67–1.831.30–1.492.78–3.15
C. n. shcherbachevi (all regions)72.3 (n=43)0.89 (n=36)1.14 (n=36)1.49 (n=33)1.79 (n=33)1.22 (n=33)2.65 (n=34)
35.0–90.00.80–0.960.97–1.231.29–1.731.66–1.950.89–1.412.10–2.88
136.2 (n=24)0.92 (n=15)1.10 (n=17)1.93 (n=14)1.70 (n=13)1.30 (n=15)2.90 (n=16)
105.0–186.00.85–0.960.97–1.211.74–2.141.60–1.831.18–1.492.77–3.15
Cypselurus neglectus (species total)69.0 (n=64)0.87 (n=53)1.13 (n=53)1.49 (n=49)1.79 (n=47)1.17 (n=49)2.58 (n=52)
33.0–100.00.71–0.960.97–1.231.29–1.761.55–1.950.83–1.412.05–2.91
139.1 (n=70)0.87 (n=50)1.07 (n=58)2.00 (n=46)1.69 (n=43)1.30 (n=52)2.97 (n=56)
105.0–186.00.79–0.960.95–1.211.74–2.211.53–1.851.17–1.492.75–3.36
Cypselurus nossibe42.2 (n=3)0.831.061.361.88 (n=1)1.19 (n=2)2.38
16.5–63.00.78–0.890.97–1.121.13–1.491.16–1.232.04–2.71
153.3 (n=9)0.92 (n=8)1.062.12 (n=7)1.68 (n=8)1.23 (n=8)2.86 (n=8)
115.0–183.00.87–0.991.04–1.091.80–2.331.56–1.811.14–1.342.75–2.96
Cypselurus sp. (poecilopterus?)49.4 (n=42)0.78 (n=38)1.18 (n=38)1.56 (n=40)1.73 (n=38)1.04 (n=38)2.23 (n=38)
23.0–77.50.69–0.881.02–1.301.44–1.691.57–1.870.87–1.241.96–2.67