1,3 - Dioxepine and spiropyran derivatives of viomellein and other dimeric naphthopyranones from cultures of Aspergillus elegans KUFA 0015 and their antibacterial activity Author Kumla, Decha * & ICBAS-Instituto de Ciˆencias Biom´edicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal & * & Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix ˜ oes, Av. General Norton de Matos s / n, 4450 - 208, Matosinhos, Portugal Author Sousa, Emilia * & Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix ˜ oes, Av. General Norton de Matos s / n, 4450 - 208, Matosinhos, Portugal & Laborat´orio de Química Orgˆanica, Departamento de Ciˆencias Químicas, Faculdade de Farm´acia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal Author Marengo, Alessia Department of Drug Sciences, Universita`di P´avia, C. So strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy Author Dethoup, Tida Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand Author Pereira, A. J. * & ICBAS-Instituto de Ciˆencias Biom´edicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal & * & Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix ˜ oes, Av. General Norton de Matos s / n, 4450 - 208, Author Gales, Luís * & ICBAS-Instituto de Ciˆencias Biom´edicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal & Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (i 3 S-IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal Author Freitas-Silva, Joana * & ICBAS-Instituto de Ciˆencias Biom´edicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal & * & Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix ˜ oes, Av. General Norton de Matos s / n, 4450 - 208, Matosinhos, Portugal Author Costa, Paulo M. * & ICBAS-Instituto de Ciˆencias Biom´edicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal & * & Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix ˜ oes, Av. General Norton de Matos s / n, 4450 - 208, Matosinhos, Portugal Author Mistry, Sharad Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE 7 RH, UK Author Silva, Artur M. S. Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810 - 193, Aveiro, Portugal Author Kijjoa, Anake * & ICBAS-Instituto de Ciˆencias Biom´edicas Abel Salazar, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050 - 313, Porto, Portugal & * & Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix ˜ oes, Av. General Norton de Matos s / n, 4450 - 208, Matosinhos, Portugal text Phytochemistry 2021 112575 2021-01-31 181 1 15 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112575 journal article 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112575 1873-3700 8290910

Table 6 Percentage of biofilm formation for compounds that showed antibiofilm activity after 24 h incubation.

Compound	Concentration	Biofilm biomass (% of control)
Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. One-sample t - test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 significantly different from 100%. MIC, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration.
	(μg/mL)
		E. coli	E. faecalis	S. aureus
		ATCC	ATCC 29212	ATCC 29213
		25922
1	64	16.04 ±	–	–
		8.29**
2	64	16.04 ±	–	–
		8.29**
3	4	–	0.31 ± 2.30***	0.27 ±
			(2xMIC)	1.29***
				(2xMIC)
	2	–	0.32 ± 1.77***	3,65 ±
			(MIC)	4,44*** (MIC)
	1	–	0.50 ± 2.44***	–
			(MIC)
4	32	–	2.29 ± 1.07***	2.34 ±
			(MIC)	1.42*** (MIC)
	16	–	33.85 ±	18.98 ±
			12.86* (½	2.27*** (MIC)
			MIC)
	8	–	–	64.98 ±
				13.28* (½
				MIC)
5	16	–	1.82 ± 1.66***	1.33 ±
			(2xMIC)	1.38***
				(2xMIC)
	8	–	–	1.84 ±
				2.34*** (MIC)
	4	–	–	33.88 ±
				10.17** (MIC)
8b	64	–	44.75 ±	–
			15.07*
9b	32	–	0.99 ± 4.43***	–
			(2xMIC)
	16	–	1.00 ± 2.83***	0.01 ±
			(MIC)	2.02***
				(2xMIC)
	8	–	76.99 ± 6.83*	6.33 ±
			(½ MIC)	1.98*** (MIC)
	4	–	–	35.99 ±
				5.96** (½
				MIC)
10	64	73.32 ±	–	67.32 ±
		6.00*		3.50**