Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea) Author Alvizu, Adriana Author Xavier, Joana R. Author Rapp, Hans Tore text Zootaxa 2019 2019-06-13 4615 2 201 251 journal article 26507 10.11646/zootaxa.4615.2.1 f8ebafc8-79ab-4eef-b52b-8c207ff2b1ec 1175-5326 3244638 9B9884DA-18D5-4BC9-950F-0436E075AAF8

TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Achramorpha grandinis (holotype BMNH-1907.8.6.108). Measurements from the original description by Jenkin (1908) are included below.

BMNH-1907.8.6.108
(*) Most of them broken. (**) Unpaired actines broken or not completely visible in the slides. (***) Diactines II = Microdiactines.
(--) Measurements not available. (*) This kind of spicules is found forming the external fringe (Jenkin 1908). (**) Diactines II = Microdiactines.
Spicules	Length (µm)				Width (µm)
	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Min	Mean	Max	SD	n
Diactines*	337.8	879.1	1787.3	408.0	5.6	15.4	23.8	4.3	16
Microdiactines	61.6	93.6	139.2	20.3	2.1	4.0	5.7	0.8	19
Cortical triactines
Unpaired actines	250.1	424.8	534.9	91.9	7.9	10.1	12.7	1.0	20
Paired actines	193.8	247.1	291.2	26.6	8.2	10.6	13.5	1.5
Chiactines
Unpaired actines	337.4	410.1	478.9	46.0	7.3	11.1	15.4	1.6	20
Paired actines	137.6	231.4	275.9	34.4	8.1	11.9	14.6	1.8
Apical actines	49.4	120.3	150.9	22.8	6.0	10.1	14.1	1.8
Oscular tetractines
Unpaired actines**	122.6	157.2	212.9	33.9	7.1	9.8	14.7	3.0	5
Paired actines**	179.0	242.0	306.3	59.8	6.5	8.8	11.4	2.0
Apical actines	77.7	14.6	116.8	14.6	8.1	9.3	11.5	1.3
Measurements from the original description (Jenkin 1908)
Spicules	Length (µm)				Width (µm)
Diactines I	3500				23
Diactines II***	65-120				3-6
Cortical triactines
Unpaired actines	420-500				12-15
Paired actines	200-260				12-14
Chiactines
Unpaired actines	450-550				12-16
Paired actines	240-270				12-14
Apical actines	160				14-16
Oscular tetractines
Unpaired actines	650				12
Paired actines	560				14
Apical actines	120				9
Spicules	Length (µm)				Width (µm)
	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Min	Mean	Max	SD	n
Diactines	96.2	135.5	205.0	31.6	1.8	3.0	5.0	0.9	15
Cortical triactines
Unpaired actines	255.0	368.6	428.4	42.7	9.1	12.0	14.3	1.3	30
Paired actines	137.8	235.6	304.2	35.9	9.1	12.3	16.9	1.8
Chiactines
Unpaired actines	244.8	297.7	397.8	50.7	7.8	9.5	13.0	1.2	16
Paired actines	101.4	138.5	239.2	23.7	5.2	7.9	13.0	1.5	30
Apical actines	20.8	64.2	91.0	16.0	3.9	6.0	9.1	1.3	30
ZMBN-1272078
Spicules	Length (µm)				Width (µm)
	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Min	Mean	Max	SD	n
Diactines	76.4	136.2	184.6	39.0	2.4	3.3	5.0	0.8	15
Cortical triactines
Unpaired actines	153.0	514.8	652.8	105.2	9.1	17.3	20.8	2.0	30
Paired actines	112.2	347.1	408.0	60.6	11.7	18.2	20.8	1.9
Chiactines
Unpaired actines	234.6	283.1	316.2	34.7	10.4	11.7	13.0	1.1	4
Paired actines	80.6	140.5	174.2	27.3	9.1	13.6	15.6	1.7	24
Apical actines	70.2	87.1	111.8	9.9	6.5	8.7	10.4	0.8	22
Spicules	Length (µm)				Width (µm)				n
	Min	Mean	Max	SD	Min	Mean	Max	SD
Trichoxeas	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Diactines	300.3	596.4	708	92.1	10.8	20.6	27.7	3.6	30
Microdiactines	29.8	60.4	78.4	14.8	1.0	3.4	5.6	1.1	15
Cortical triactines
Unpaired actine	250.0	381.7	541.8	98.9	8.7	13.4	16.3	3.5	15
Paired actines	173.6	221.7	272	25.2	5.6	11.2	18.2	2.7
Atrial triactines
Unpaired actine	496.3	556.7	646	58.5	8.0	13.4	16.4	3.5	10
Paired actines	184.9	217.0	249.2	26.4	8.7	13.2	20.1	3.3
Chiactines
Unpaired actine	104.4	555	822.7	172.3	9.8	13.4	16.5	1.7	15
Paired actines	187.3	226.3	281.8	27.4	13.0	15.0	16.8	1.4
Apical actine	56.9	79.1	97.0	12.2	5.9	10.2	17.5	2.9
Oscular tetractines	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
Measurements from the original description (Jenkin 1908)
Spicules	Length (µm)			Width (µm)
Trichoxeas	>500			1
Diactines I	About 700			30–65
Diactines II**	60–150			4–5
Diactines III	350			20
Cortical triactines
Unpaired actine	170–700			10–18
Paired actines	120–270			10–16
Atrial triactines
Unpaired actine	700			16
Paired actines	200–320			20
Chiactines
Unpaired actine	600–750			14
Paired actines	200–280			16–20
Apical actine	80			12
Oscular diactines*	380–480			18
Oscular tetractines
Unpaired actine	140			8
Paired actines	70			10
Apical actine	20			8