Morphological and molecular characterization of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolated from Indian soils and their biocontrol potential
Author
Rana, Aasha
0000-0002-8620-3794
Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut- 250004, India & aasha. aasharana @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8620 - 3794
aasha.aasharana@gmail.com
Author
Bhat, Aashaq Hussain
Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut- 250004, India & Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Billawar- 184204, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Author
Chaubey, Ashok Kumar
0000-0002-8405-0026
Nematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut- 250004, India & akc. nema @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8405 - 0026
akc.nema@gmail.com
Author
Shokoohi, Ebrahim
0000-0002-0680-3459
Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X 1106, Sovenga 0727, Republic of South Africa. ebrahim. shokoohi @ ul. ac. za; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0680 - 3459
ebrahim.shokoohi@ul.ac.za
Author
Machado, Ricardo A. R.
0000-0002-7624-1105
Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland. ricardo. machado @ unine. ch; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7624 - 1105
ricardo.machado@unine.ch
text
Zootaxa
2020
2020-11-12
4878
1
77
102
journal article
8022
10.11646/zootaxa.4878.1.3
27866689-95bc-40ef-b49e-f9f3cb6d864f
1175-5326
4424716
F27FBC48-AC2A-449D-8DB9-D4978421B202
TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora isolate DH7 from India. All measurements are in µm (except n, ratio and percentage) and in the form: mean ± standard deviation (range).| Character | Male | Hermaphrodite | Female | Infective juvenile |
|---|
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 25 |
|---|
| Body length (L) | 950 ± 82 (805–1075) | 4592 ± 333 (3916–5155) | 1526 ± 146 (1226–1819) | 550 ± 43 (453–617) |
|---|
| a (L/BD) | 19 ± 1.5 (16–22) | 19 ± 1.3 (17–21) | 20 ± 2.6 (16–25) | 24 ± 2.6 (19–29) |
|---|
| b (L/PS) | 8.7 ± 1.1 (7.1–12) | 24 ± 2.1 (21–28) | 11 ± 1.7 (7.8–16) | 5.8 ± 0.6 (4.9–7.4) |
|---|
| c (L/T) | 29 ± 4 (22–41) | 56 ± 6.0 (46–69) | 20 ± 6.8 (16–48) | 8.5 ± 1.4 (6.0–12) |
|---|
| c’ (T/ABW) | 1.5 ± 0.1 (1.0–1.7) | 1.9 ± 0.1(1.7–2.2) | 2.9 ± 0.5 (1.0–3.4) | 5.1 ± 0.7 (3.7–6.5) |
|---|
| V (AV/L)×100 | – | 41 ± 2.1 (37–46) | 50 ± 3.8 (44–58) | – |
|---|
| Body diam. (BD) | 49 ± 3.7 (42–57) | 241 ± 17 (205–266) | 78 ± 14 (58–115) | 23 ± 2.1 (19–27) |
|---|
| Excretory pore—ant. end (EP) | 101 ± 7.4 (84–111) | 179 ± 13 (153–198) | 132 ± 14 (108–157) | 90 ± 7.2 (72–102) |
|---|
| Width at EP (WEP) | 33 ± 2.3 (30–39) | 132 ± 13 (103–158) | 60 ± 9.4 (43–80) | 20 ± 1.3 (17–24) |
|---|
| Nerve ring to ant. end (NR) | 65 ± 6.4 (48–75) | 112 ± 9.6 (94–127) | 80 ± 5.7 (68–91) | 62 ± 5.8 (50–74) |
|---|
| Pharynx length (PS) | 110 ± 8.7 (80–119) | 189 ± 12 (158–207) | 135 ± 12 (68–91) | 95 ± 4.8 (83–106) |
|---|
| Bulb length (BL) | 27 ± 2.7 (22–32) | 44 ± 4.4 (34–50) | 31 ± 3.3 (26–40) | 18 ± 2.8 (12–24) |
|---|
| Bulb width (BW) | 19 ± 2.0 (15–23) | 35 ± 3.1 (30–40) | 23 ± 2.6 (19–29) | 9.7 ± 1.4 (7.3–12) |
|---|
| Testis reflection (TR) | 173 ± 12 (153–201) | – | – | – |
|---|
| Tail length (T) | 33 ± 3.8 (24–39) | 83 ± 7.2 (70–98) | 79 ± 15 (29–94) | 67 ± 10 (47–89) |
|---|
| Anal body width (ABW) | 23 ± 1.6 (20–27) | 44 ± 3.9 (39–51) | 28 ± 2.1 (24–31) | 13 ± 1.6 (10–16) |
|---|
| Spicule length (SL) | 45 ± 3.2 (39–51) | – | – | – |
|---|
| Gubernaculum length (GL) | 21 ± 2.5 (17–27) | – | – | – |
|---|
| D% (EP/PS×100) | 92 ± 12 (77–136) | 95 ± 6.7 (75–103) | 98 ± 8.3 (83–116) | 95 ± 7.3 (78–107) |
|---|
| E% (EP/T×100) | 309 ± 42 (241–382) | 218 ± 22 (188–258) | 179 ± 72 (126–466) | 138 ± 24 (105–189) |
|---|
| SW% (SL/ABD×100) | 201 ± 16 (170–225) | – | – | – |
|---|
| GS% (GL/SL×100) | 47 ± 5.6 (40–62) | – | – | – |
|---|
| Hyaline length (HL) | – | – | – | 36 ± 4.6 (27–46) |
|---|
| HT% (HL/T)×100 | – | – | – | 55 ± 8.8 (41–71) |
|---|
| Width at vulva (WV) | – | 261 ± 28 (224–350) | 80 ± 12 (63–109) | – |
|---|
| Anterior to vulva (AV) | – | 1905 ± 163 (1624–2232) | 763 ±87 (618–931) | – |
|---|
| Posterior to vulva (PV) | – | 2687 ± 223 (2224–2999) | 763 ± 87 (618–931) | – |
|---|
| n | 20 | 20 | 20 | 25 |
|---|
| Body length (L) | 814 ± 43 (735–892) | 5030 ± 458 (3747–5753) | 1528 ± 147 (1230–1822) | 575 ± 106 (206-832) |
|---|
| a (L/BD) | 18 ± 1.4 (16–23) | 18 ± 1.4 (15–20) | 15 ± 1.8 (12–18) | 26 ± 4.7 (8.7–35) |
|---|
| b (L/PS) | 8.0 ± 0.4 (7.4–8.6) | 28 ± 3.6 (19–33) | 8.8 ± 0.9 (7.4–11) | 6.4 ± 1.2 (2.0–8.6) |
|---|
| c (L/T) | 33 ± 2.8 (28–38) | 47 ± 8.2 (32–61) | 17 ± 5.4 (11–37) | 9.3 ± 2.0 (3.2–13) |
|---|
| c’ (T/ABW) | 1.3 ± 0.2 (1.1–1.7) | 1.7 ± 0.2 (1.5–2.5) | 2.4 ± 0.4 (1.1–2.8) | 5.5 ± 0.8 (3.5–7.2) |
|---|
| V (AV/L)×100 | – | 46 ± 3.1 (41–54) | 49 ± 2.8 (43–53) | – |
|---|
| Body diam. (BD) | 46 ± 3.2 (36–50) | 283 ± 26 (236–334) | 76 ± 11 (55–88) | 22 ± 1.8 (18–26) |
|---|
| Excretory pore –ant. end (EP) | 86 ± 4.6 (78–95) | 176 ± 36 (140–288) | 135 ± 10 (106–158) | 87 ± 8.9 (70–101) |
|---|
| Width at EP (WEP) | 30 ± 2.5 (23–34) | 127 ± 14 (105–158) | 51 ± 5.1 (42–59) | 20 ± 1.5 (16–23) |
|---|
| Nerve ring to ant. end (NR) | 67 ± 4.6 (59–78) | 117 ± 14 (87–143) | 79 ± 7.9 (64–89) | 58 ± 6.1 (47–70) |
|---|
| Pharynx length (PS) | 102 ± 3.5 (96–109) | 183 ± 16 (154–204) | 114 ± 8.6 (101–127) | 91 ± 9.2 (78–111) |
|---|
| Bulb length (BL) | 24 ± 3.0 (20–30) | 42 ± 5.1 (35–56) | 29 ± 3.1 (23–34) | 16 ± 2.0 (13–21) |
|---|
| Bulb width (BW) | 17 ± 1.6 (15–20) | 32 ± 3.6 (26–39) | 21 ± 2.3 (17–27) | 8.8 ± 1.4 (6.3–12) |
|---|
| Testis reflection (TR) | 144 ± 10 (123–161) | – | – | – |
|---|
| Tail length (T) | 25 ± 2.5 (21–29) | 109 ± 18 (80–158) | 76 ± 11 (30–79) | 63 ± 6.9 (50–75) |
|---|
| Anal body width (ABW) | 19 ± 2.0 (15–23) | 65 ± 6.4 (53–75) | 27 ± 6.1 (20–51) | 12 ± 1.4 (8.3–14) |
|---|
| Spicule length (SL) | 43 ± 3.8 (36–51) | – | – | – |
|---|
| Gubernaculum length (GL) | 21 ± 2.3 (18–25) | – | – | – |
|---|
| D% (EP/PS×100) | 85 ± 5.3 (78–94) | 96 ± 19 (78–168) | 98 ± 4.5 (82–110) | 96 ± 5.9 (83–105) |
|---|
| E% (EP/T×100) | 349 ± 38 (274–439) | 164 ± 40 (115–268) | 172 ± 41 (127–324) | 140 ±19 (113–193) |
|---|
| SW% (SL/ABD×100) | 226 ± 37 (168–309) | – | – | – |
|---|
| GS% (GL/SL×100) | 50 ± 6.6 (38–62) | – | – | – |
|---|
| Hyaline length (HL) | – | – | – | 315 ± 3.6 (24–40) |
|---|
| HT% (HL/T)×100 | – | – | – | 0.5 ± 0.1 (0.4–0.7) |
|---|
| Width at vulva (WV) | – | 298 ± 34 (242–341) | 70 ± 11 (54–94) | – |
|---|
| Anterior to vulva (AV) | – | 2286 ± 198 (1960–2665) | 500 ± 78 (387–693) | – |
|---|
| Posterior to vulva (PV) | – | 2744 ± 334 (1735–3405) | 510 ± 80 (387–668) | – |
|---|