Immature stages and host plant records for the skipper butterflies Xeniades orchamus (Cramer, 1777), Dubia dubia (Bell, 1932), and Tricrista canta (Evans, 1955) in the Peruvian Amazon (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Hesperiini) Author Sherer, Alexander Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD, USA Author Raghuraman, Savitri 0000-0002-0691-1572 Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD, USA savitrikraghuraman@gmail.com Author Nakahara, Shinichi 0000-0002-2912-343X Museum of Comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA magneuptychia1@gmail.com Author Gallice, Geoffrey 0000-0003-4381-4437 Alliance for a Sustainable Amazon, Potomac, MD, USA & Department of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru & Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA ggallice@pucp.edu.pe text Zootaxa 2025 2025-03-21 5609 3 390 404 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.5 journal article 309313 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.5 0ce3cb12-0a1f-42ff-976c-e74d1cb36427 1175-5326 15215282 BA2C573B-79AC-4946-AB46-12C500D4EFC3

TABLE 1. Measurements in mm and time until next molt (“Duration”) for larval instars of Xeniades orchamus, Dubia dubia, and Tricrista canta. Body length was measured every day each larva was photographed, and the minimum and maximum values are shown for each instar. Each species is represented by one individual reared through stages of development. The instar prior to pupation of each larva is represented by ‘n’. Three head capsules were damaged after molt and precise measurement was not feasible (denoted by ‘-’), and head capsule measurement procedures were not applicable to pupae (denoted by ‘n/a’).

Species	Instar	Head capsule width (mm)	Head capsule height (mm)	Minimum body length (mm)	Maximum body length (mm)	Duration (days)
Fig. 1 Xeniades orchamus	n-3	1.88	1.85	13	16	≥ 10
	n-2	2.34	2.43	18	23	12
	n-1	3.40	3.57	20	40	15
	n	3.98	4.62	30	54	28
	pupa	n/a	n/a	35	35	13
Fig. 2 Dubia dubia	n-1	3.19	3.23	20	26	≥ 9
	n	-	-	24	45	20
	pupa	n/a	n/a	29	29	11
Fig. 3 Tricrista canta	n-3	1.25	1.45	7	8	≥ 7
	n-2	-	-	11	17	5
	n-1	2.67	2.41	18	27	9
	n	-	-	25	37	20
	pupa	n/a	n/a	21	21	14