Sinocyclocheilus xingrenensis (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), a new underground fish from Guizhou Province, Southeastern China Author Xiao, Ming-Yuan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5555-9805 School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China Author Wang, Jia-Jia https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8637-5469 School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China Author Luo, Tao 0000-0003-4186-1192 School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China & School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China Author Zhou, Jia-Jun 0000-0003-1038-1540 Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, Yunnan, China Author Xiao, Ning Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China Author Zhou, Jiang 0000-0003-1560-8759 School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China text Zoosystematics and Evolution 2025 2025-02-24 101 2 419 436 journal article 308239 10.3897/zse.101.141444 5e611129-7f4d-4160-9ea3-ab9293f69134 F445B038-1840-4CFF-AD1F-A4A5095E1265

Table 4. Morphological characterization and statistical analysis of new species and S. angustiporus. Abbreviations: Sx, S. xingrenensis sp. nov., and Sa, S. angustiporus.

Character	S. xingrenensis sp. nov.			S. angustiporus		P - value from ANOVA
	Holotype	Range	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Sx vs. Sa
Dorsal fin rays	iii, 7	iii, 6–7	NA	iv, 7	NA	NA
Pectoral fin rays	i, 15	i, 12–16	NA	i, 14	NA	NA
Pelvic fin rays	i, 8	i, 8	NA	i, 8	NA	NA
Anal fin rays	iii, 5	iii, 5	NA	iii, 5	NA	NA
Caudal fin rays	15	15–18	NA	16 – 17	NA	NA
Lateral line pores	65	65–76	NA	NA	NA	NA
Total length	149.4	99.0–149.4	114.5 ± 17.2	55.40–128.08	73.9 ± 30.4	0.014
Standard length	123.5	79.7–123.5	92.6 ± 15.0	43.03–104.35	59.2 ± 25.5	0.017
Body depth	24.6	16.7–24.6	19.3 ± 2.5	10.24–24.59	14.6 ± 5.7	0.077
Head length	31.9	22.8–31.9	25.0 ± 3.1	12.08–27.19	15.8 ± 6.4	0.008
Head depth	21.5	14.3–21.5	15.9 ± 2.6	7.36–19.46	10.3 ± 5.1	0.032
Head width	16.2	11.5–16.2	13.3 ± 1.5	5.05–12.54	7.4 ± 3.0	0.001
Inter-Pre-Nasal Distance	5.1	4.8–6.2	5.4 ± 0.5	1.84–4.59	2.5 ± 1.2	0.000
Posterior Nasal Distance	6.9	4.2–6.9	5.2 ± 0.9	2.23–5.10	3.1 ± 1.2	0.005
Upper jaw length	9.4	5.0–9.4	6.2 ± 1.6	2.76–6.56	3.8 ± 1.6	0.029
Lower jaw length	7.9	4.8–7.9	5.6 ± 1.2	2.36–6.35	3.5 ± 1.6	0.028
Mouth width	8.2	6.2–8.2	6.9 ± 0.6	2.50–5.29	3.3 ± 1.1	0.000
Eye diameter	5.0	4.1–5.0	4.7 ± 0.3	3.09–5.32	3.7 ± 0.9	0.020
Interorbital distance	9.0	7.5–9.0	8.3 ± 0.5	3.32–7.61	4.7 ± 1.7	0.000
Dorsal-fin base length	17.4	10.7–17.4	12.5 ± 2.3	6.07–15.22	8.3 ± 3.9	0.039
Dorsal-fin length	24.7	15.3–24.7	19.9 ± 3.1	10.10–22.62	13.1 ± 5.4	0.019
Pectoral-fin length	23.2	14.1–23.2	17.9 ± 2.9	8.35–17.54	10.5 ± 4.0	0.004
Pectoral-fin base length	4.1	2.8–4.1	3.4 ± 0.4	1.97–3.78	2.5 ± 0.7	0.023
Prepectoral length	32.9	21.7–32.9	25.0 ± 3.7	12.67–28.45	16.5 ± 6.7	0.018
Pelvic-fin length	18.5	11.3–18.5	14.6 ± 2.4	6.73–14.53	8.8 ± 3.3	0.006
Pelvic-fin base length	7.7	4.0–7.7	4.9 ± 1.3	1.62–4.37	2.4 ± 1.1	0.005
Prepelvic length	59.1	39.2–59.1	45.6 ± 6.6	21.90–55.21	29.9 ± 14.2	0.027
Anal-fin length	17.8	12.4–17.8	14.6 ± 1.9	7.84–13.40	9.5 ± 2.3	0.002
Anal-fin base length	11.1	6.4–11.1	8.0 ± 1.5	3.92–9.70	5.4 ± 2.4	0.044
Preanal length	82.7	55.7–82.7	62.5 ± 9.5	30.68–75.53	41.8 ± 18.9	0.031
Caudal peduncle length	22.3	16.4–22.3	18.5 ± 2.2	9.01–18.11	12.3 ± 3.4	0.003
Caudal peduncle depth	13.1	8.7–13.1	10.5 ± 1.8	4.90–12.49	7.3 ± 3.0	0.040
Maxillary barbel length	10.4	7.7–13.5	10.3 ± 2.1	3.20–8.05	4.5 ± 2.0	0.001
Rostral barbel length	13.2	9.8–13.2	11.5 ± 1.4	3.17–10.07	5.0 ± 2.9	0.000