First tabulation and analysis of natural enemies of snail-killing flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), their position in the fly / mollusc ecosystem, and implications for use of sciomyzids in biological control Author Williams, C. D. Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Author Knutson, L. Author Gordh, G. Plant Protection & Quarantine, APHIS USDA, Raleigh, NC, USA; Author Mc Donnell, R. J. Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Author Kula, R. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Author Gates, M. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Author Buffington, M. Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA; Author Broad, G. Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London, UK & Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; text Journal of Natural History 2025 2025-01-30 59 5 - 8 331 396 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2443125 journal article 10.1080/00222933.2024.2443125 1464-5262 14798887

Table 3. Natural enemies of Sciomyzidae. Taxon authorities for genera and species of natural enemies are given in Table 5; those for Sciomyzidae in Table 6.

Natural Enemy	Identifier	Sciomyzidae	Dates collected/emerged	Collected	Reference		Museum
(A) Parasitoids
1. EGG PARASITOIDS
Hymenoptera
Trichogrammatidae Trichogramma japonicum	KY	Sepedon aenescens 1	3.vi/?	Japan	Nagatomi and Kushigemachi (1965) and
“ “ “	? A?	Sepedon aenescens 1 Sepedon aenescens 1 Sepedon aenescens 1	???	? India, Japan Hawaii, India	Yasumatsu (1967) Hayat and Subba Rao (1986) Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1971) CIBC-B Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1977)
“	?	‘Sciomyzidae’ in lab	?	China	Wong et al. (1984)
“	A	trials Sepedon aenescens 2	?	Philippines	Barrion and Litsinger (1982)
“		Sepedon sphegea			Universal Chalcidoidea Database
Trichogramma sp. ‘probably	A	Sepedon aenescens	?	Hawaii	Davis (1971)
japonicum ’
Trichogramma julianoi	GP	Elgiva solicita	?	New York	Juliano (1981)
?????		Elgiva sundewalli			Universal Chalcidoidea Database
		(=solicita)
“	GP	Sepedon fuscipennis	?	New York	Juliano (1981)
Trichogramma julianoi Trichogramma kalkae Trichogramma kalkae Trichogramma pinneyi Trichogramma sp.4	A? A?	Sepedon fuscipennis Sepedon ‘angularis’ 3 Sepedon ‘angularis’ 3 Sepedon ‘angularis’ 3 Sepedon aenescens	?????	Malawi Malawi Hawaii	Universal Chalcidoidea Database Schulten and Feijen (1978) Universal Chalcidoidea Database Schulten and Feijen (1978) Knutson and Orth (1984)
“ spp.	A	Sepedon ferruginosa	?	Thailand	Yasumatsu et al. (1982)
“ sp.	HEE	Sepedon fuscipennis	?	New York	Neff and Berg (1966)
“	?	Sepedon fuscipennis 5	?	New York	Barnes (1976)	CU
“	RM	Sepedon fuscipennis 6	vii/?	New York	Arnold (1978)	CU
?????????		Sepedon fuscipennis	(L3-2)		Universal Chalcidoidea Database
?	?	?	?	?	Cowan (1979)
Trichogramma spp.	A	Sepedon spp. (4)	?	Thailand	Yasumatsu et al. (1981)
Trichogramma sp.	GP	Elgiva solicita	?	New York	Juliano (1981)
nr. californicum	GP	Sepedon fuscipennis	?	New York	Juliano (1981) and 1982)
“	GP	Tetanocera sp.	?	New York	Juliano (1981)
Trichogramma sp. nr. semblidis GP		Sepedon fuscipennis 7	?	New York	Juliano (1981)
Trichogramma semblidis		Sepedon fuscipennis			Universal Chalcidoidea Database