A new cave-dwelling species of Trimma (Teleostei, Gobiidae) from the Red Sea, with notes on Red Sea endemism in Trimma spp. Author Peinemann, Viktor N. 0000-0002-7060-397X Marine Science Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia Author Pombo-Ayora, Lucia 0000-0003-0316-0280 Marine Science Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia & Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 78373 Port Aransas, Texas, USA Author Rich, Walter A. 0000-0002-1304-5676 Marine Science Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia Author Fox, Michael D. 0000-0002-5004-1025 Marine Science Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia Author Coker, Darren J. 0000-0002-5099-0984 Marine Science Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia text ZooKeys 2025 2025-10-09 1255 77 93 journal article 312560 10.3897/zookeys.1255.159341 ad5b6b9b-4c80-40e4-b0f2-c04f7908b485 13A27F9A-2CD1-44B1-911C-C08ABC79EFB0

Table 1. Comparison of key characters between Trimma berumeni sp. nov. and T. winchi. Data for T. winchi based on Winterbottom (1984), Winterbottom (2019), and examination of a photograph of holotype.

	Trimma berumeni sp. nov.	Trimma winchi
Geographic range	Farasan Banks, southern Red Sea	Seychelles and Chagos Archipelago
Dorsal fin	VI + I, 7	VI + I, 8
Elongate dorsal spines	None; second spine longest reaching to base of second dorsal-fin spine when adpressed	Second spine elongate, reaching posteriorly just beyond base of last dorsal-fin ray when adpressed (absent in Seychelles specimens)
Second dorsal-fin length	Last ray not elongate, reaching posteriorly 23–30 % of caudal peduncle length	Last ray elongate, reaching posteriorly two-thirds of caudal peduncle length
Anal-fin length	Last ray not elongate, reaching posteriorly 23–30 % of caudal peduncle length	Last ray elongate, reaching posteriorly two-thirds of caudal peduncle length
Dorsal-fin color (alive)	Black longitudinal basal stripe composed of large melanophores with scattered iridocytes; single yellow longitudinal band above it; distal third hyaline	Black longitudinal basal stripe composed of large melanophores with scattered iridocytes; a central yellow longitudinal band, then a narrow hyaline band; distal quarter yellow
Anal-fin color (alive)	No yellow pigmentation, mostly translucent with red, white, and black chromatophores	Mostly yellow, with basal band of melanophores and iridocytes
Caudal-fin color (alive)	Yellow with translucent dorsal and ventral margins	Yellow throughout with distal margin of melanophores