Lost in time: Unraveling the identity of Vitreorana parvula (Boulenger, 1895) (Anura: Centrolenidae) Author Zucchetti, Victor M. 0000-0003-4364-5397 Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, CEP 90619 - 900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. victor.zucchetti@acad.pucrs.br Author Castroviejo-Fisher, Santiago Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, CEP 90619 - 900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. & Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, 41012, Sevilla, España. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-02-22 5415 3 351 391 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.1 journal article 290089 10.11646/zootaxa.5415.3.1 d3799619-74c5-4425-a9e8-71608ccc1857 1175-5326 10693216 1EB7FBA8-5DE3-4051-AC91-8E67D538DE89

TABLE 2. Acoustic features commonly used in Centrolenidae taxonomy. Table adapted from Bang et al. (2020). Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and range (minimum–maximum). Abbreviation of Brazilian states: AL = Alagoas, ES = Espírito Santo, MG = Minas Gerais, SC = Santa Catarina.

Species	Call type	Emission pattern	Call duration (ms)	Number of pulses	Pulse rate/s	Interval between pulses (ms)	Dominant frequency (Hz)
V. baliomma (Murici, AL) (Bang et al. 2020)	Call A (n = 13) Call B (n = 10)	Single call Single call	192 ± 4 (185–198) 107 ± 5 (98–116)	7 4 ± 0.3 (4–5)	36.5 ± 1 (35.3–37.8) 38.4 ± 2.3 (35.4–43.1)	19 ± 2 (9–14) 18 ± 3 (6–21)	4979 ± 102 (4694–5081) 4948 ± 96 (4694–5038)
V. eurygnatha (S„o Gotardo, MG) (Bang et al. 2020)	Call A (n = 34) Call B (n = 7)	Single call Single call or sequence of 2–3 calls	168 ± 20 (135–226) 188 ± 16 (154–199)	3 ± 0.4 (3–4) 6 ± 0.8 (5–7)	19.7 ± 1.9 (15.9–24.4) 30.5 ± 3.4 (25.8–36.5)	37 ± 8 (7–61) 25 ± 12 (8–42)	4796 ± 172 (4453–5016) 4566 ± 97 (4500–4781)
V. eurygnatha (Vargem Bonita, MG) (Bang et al. 2020)	Call A (n = 10)	Single call	131 ± 5 (123–143)	3 ± 0.3 (3–4)	23.5 ± 1.7 (22.4–28)	43 ± 7 (15–49)	4523 ± 39 (4500–4593)
V. eurygnatha (Santa Teresa, ES) (Bang et al. 2020)	Call A (n = 6)	Single call or sequence of 2–3 pulse clusters	216 ± 25 (189–249)	18 ± 2.5 (16–22)	84 ± 4.5 (78.8–89.7)	-	4830 ± 96 (4694–4995)
V. franciscana (S„o Gotardo, MG) (Bang et al. 2020)	Call A (n = 59)	Single call or sequence of 3–10 calls	52 ± 10 (33–73)	5 ± 0.9 (4–7)	100.9 ± 8 (84.5–121.2)	4 ± 1 (1–7)	4605 ± 91 (4359–4734)
V. franciscana (Vargem Bonita, MG) (Bang et al. 2020)	Call A (n = 15)	Single call	56 ± 6 (48–69)	6 ± 0.6 (5–7)	102.5 ± 9 (90.9–125)	5 ± 1 (1–6)	4103 ± 39 (4031–4171)
V. parvula (Lages, SC) This work	Call A (n = 416)	Single call or sequence of 2–9 calls	23.7 ± 6.6 (4.3–43.2)	3.1 ± 0.8 (1–5)	134.6 ± 17.7 (62.3–232.6)	3 ± 1.2 (0.1–6.9)	4583 ± 251 (4125–5063)
V. uranoscopa (Florianópolis, SC) This work	Call A (n = 41)	Single call	28 ± 3.5 (21.2–35.2)	3.8 ± 0.4 (3–4)	134.6 ± 7.7 (113.6–142.3)	2.1 ± 1 (0.0–4.0)	4503 ± 114 (4406–4781)
V. uranoscopa (Florianópolis, SC) (Haga et al. 2014)	Call A (n = 46)	Single call or in pairs	37 ± 0 (20–84)	3 ± 0.1 (2–4)	77.8 ± 4.4 (35.7–129)	-	4893 ± 57 (4651–4996)
V. uranoscopa (Itapeva, MG) (Haga et al. 2014)	Call A (n = 294)	Single call or sequence of 2–7 calls	36 ± 1 (13–57)	4 ± 0.6 (1–5)	97.6 ± 9.1 (41.6–230.7)	-	4592 ± 346 (3962–5063)
V. uranoscopa (San Antonio, Missiones, Argentina) (Zaracho 2014)	Call A (n = 172)	Single call or sequence of 2–9 calls	38 ± 13 (13–85)	3 ± 0.4 (1–5)	128.5 ± 11 (91–166.7)	-	4642 ± 109 (4313–4875)