Phylogeny and revision of Leucaltis and Leucettusa (Porifera: Calcarea), with new classification proposals and description of a new type of aquiferous system Author Lopes, Matheus Vieira Author Klautau, Michelle text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2023 2023-07-31 198 691 746 journal article 54778 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad008 e725dafd-ea73-4b9d-ac7f-452e3052bf29 0024-4082 7894159 5945BCC4-C3CB-4370-8ED8-632D8C6F1B15

Table 1. Spicule measurements of Leucaltis clathria

Spicule	Actine	Length (µm)				Width (µm)				N
L = lectotype.
aRare and broken in the holotype preparations. H, holotype.
L, lectotype; PL, paralectotype.
L, lectotype; PL, paralectotype.
		Min	Mean	SD	Max	Min	Mean	SD	Max
BMNH 1956.4.26.42 (H); Floridian ecoregion
Cortical triactine		197.4	406.6	95.0	592.1	26.3	39.5	11.5	65.8	20
Cortical tetractine	Basal	447.3	634.8	160.6	921.0	65.8	85.5	28.1	145.0	8
Regular triactine		58.3	60.7	3.2	65.5	1.8	2.2	0.3	2.4	4
Regular tetractine	Basal	60.7	64.3	3.3	69.0	1.8	2.3	0.3	2.4	5
Sagittal triactine	Paired	46.2	57.7	4.8	64.1	2.6	3.0	0.6	3.8	20
	Unpaired	29.5	35.0	4.6	44.9	2.6	3.1	0.6	3.8	20
Sagittal tetractine	Paired	51.3	58.7	4.5	66.7	2.6	3.8	0.9	5.1	20
	Unpaired	32.1	38.4	4.7	46.2	2.6	3.2	0.8	5.1	20
	Apical	43.6	57.7	10.8	73.1	2.6	2.9	0.6	3.8	7
UFPEPOR 199; Northeastern Brazil ecoregion ( Lanna et al., 2009)
Cortical triactine		194.6	328.0	97.4	542.1	-	29.0	11.1	-	30
Cortical tetractine	Basal	420.0	697.5	118.9	900.0	-	88.5	17.9	-	30
Regular triactine		36.0	60.3	15.4	85.5	-	6.1	3.4	-	30
Regular tetractine	Basal	37.5	50.7	5.9	60.0	-	3.0	0.3	-	30
Sagittal tetractine	Paired	39.0	48.8	6.6	66.0	-	3.4	0.8	-	30
	Unpaired	30.0	37.1	5.0	51.0	-	3.6	1.1	-	30
	Apical	36.0	66.0	11.4	84.0	-	4.0	1.0	-	30
UFS 143-POR; Northeastern Brazil ecoregion
Cortical triactine		200.0	353.0	102.7	530.0	20.0	35.5	10.6	50.0	20
Cortical tetractine	Basal	475.0	798.8	119.9	975.0	75.0	106.9	13.7	125.0	20
	Apical	300.0	415.7	79.3	490.0	50.0	62.1	7.0	70.0	7
Regular triactine		45.0	49.5	2.9	55.0	2.5	2.5	-	2.5	20
Regular tetractine	Basal	42.5	49.8	3.0	55.0	2.5	2.5	-	2.5	20
	Apical	30.0	31.9	2.4	35.0	2.5	2.5	-	2.5	4
Sagittal triactine	Paired	45.0	51.7	3.1	57.5	2.5	3.3	0.7	5.0	12
	Unpaired	37.5	42.0	3.3	45.0	2.5	2.5	-	2.5	10
Sagittal tetractine	Paired	45.0	51.9	3.1	57.5	2.5	3.5	0.6	5.0	20
	Unpaired	35.0	40.8	3.3	45.0	2.5	2.5	-	2.5	20
	Apical	45.0	51.9	4.7	55.0	2.5	3.1	1.3	5.0	4
		Min	Mean	SD	Max	Min	Mean	SD	Max
BMNH 1887.7.12.8 (L)
Cortical triactine I		200.0	373.5	83.9	550.0	40.0	54.5	11.0	90.0	20
Cortical tetractine I	Basal	430.0	510.0	121.7	650.0	70.0	76.7	11.6	90.0	3
Cortical triactine II		50.0	81.1	18.5	100.0	5.0	10.0	3.2	15.0	7
SME 503
Cortical triactine I		190.0	358.0	93.2	490.0	20.0	50.3	12.9	70.0	20
Cortical tetractine I	Basal	250.0	507.5	105.5	700.0	40.0	80.0	15.9	110.0	20
	Apical	230.0	508.0	155.5	750.0	40.0	74.0	21.2	100.0	10
Cortical triactine II		72.5	90.3	13.3	112.5	7.5	9.4	1.8	12.5	20
Cortical tetractine II	Basal	75.0	97.2	14.5	122.5	10.0	10.5	1.0	12.5	19
Regular triactine		25.0	35.7	12.7	72.5	2.5	2.5	-	2.5	11
Regular tetractine	Basal	25.0	32.4	4.0	37.5	2.5	2.5	-	2.5	12
	Apical	25.0	39.1	5.8	50.0	1.3	2.5	0.4	3.8	12
Sagittal triactine	Paired	30.0	36.8	3.5	40.0	5.0	5.0	-	5.0	7
	Unpaired	35.0	45.7	8.4	57.5	5.0	5.0	-	5.0	7
Sagittal tetractine	Paired	27.5	35.9	3.2	40.0	5.0	5.0	-	5.0	14
	Unpaired	35.0	46.3	5.8	57.5	5.0	5.0	-	5.0	20
	Apical	50.0	68.1	13.9	97.5	5.0	5.5	0.9	7.5	8
		Min	Mean	SD	Max	Min	Mean	SD	Max
BMNH 1883.4.22.23 (H) – Torres Strait Northern Great Barrier Reef ecoregion
Cortical triactine		228.6	371.9	67.0	500.0	28.6	36.2	6.5	50.0	14
Cortical tetractine	Basal	492.9	628.6	118.9	714.3	71.4	109.5	33.8	135.7	3
	Apical	527.9	563.9	51.0	600.0	97.3	102.2	7.0	107.1	2
Regular triactinea		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Regular tetractine	Basal	55.2	68.3	10.3	87.9	3.4	4.3	1.2	6.9	10
	Apical	34.5	37.5	2.9	41.4	5.2	5.2	0.0	5.2	4
Sagittal triactine	Paired	55.2	58.0	2.6	60.3	5.2	6.3	1.0	6.9	3
	Unpaired	41.4	42.0	1.0	43.1	3.4	4.0	1.0	5.2	3
Sagittal tetractine	Paired	51.7	58.0	3.6	62.1	5.2	6.3	0.9	6.9	6
	Unpaired	41.4	46.3	5.6	56.9	3.4	4.9	0.7	5.2	6
	Apical	41.4	88.2	49.0	172.4	3.4	5.2	1.5	6.9	6
UFRJPOR 8930 – Mascarene Islands ecoregion ( Klautau et al., 2021)
Cortical triactine		225.0	374.5	81.9	500.0	25.0	48.3	9.6	60.0	20
Cortical tetractine	Basal	320.0	685.0	161.5	950.0	60.0	93.0	20.0	120.0	20
	Apical	160.0	265.0	73.3	320.0	70.0	72.5	5.0	80.0	4
Sagittal triactine	Paired	50.0	61.5	4.9	70.0	2.5	2.6	0.6	5.0	20
	Unpaired	25.0	60.1	10.5	72.5	2.5	2.6	0.6	5.0	20
Sagittal tetractine	Paired	40.0	63.2	7.0	72.5	2.5	3.6	1.3	5.0	20
	Unpaired	42.5	60.8	10.5	87.5	2.5	3.6	1.3	5.0	20
	Apical	15.0	22.5	9.4	37.5	2.5	4.0	1.3	5.0	10
R1234 – New Caledonia ecoregion
Cortical triactine		200.0	449.5	115.2	650.0	20.0	44.0	12.1	70.0	20
Cortical tetractine	Basal	225.0	790.0	205.6	1025.0	25.0	95.0	28.2	150.0	20
	Apical	425.0	644.4	117.8	800.0	62.5	91.7	18.8	125.0	9
Regular triactine		50.0	59.2	5.8	72.5	2.5	3.4	0.9	5.0	20
Regular tetractine	Basal	50.0	60.3	6.2	70.0	2.5	4.2	1.1	5.0	20
	Apical	30.0	43.9	9.6	62.5	2.5	3.6	0.9	5.0	20
Sagittal triactine	Paired	50.0	55.5	4.8	65.0	2.5	4.6	0.9	5.0	20
	Unpaired	30.0	40.0	4.9	50.0	2.5	2.6	0.6	5.0	20
Sagittal tetractine	Paired	40.0	59.4	9.0	75.0	2.5	5.0	1.4	7.5	20
	Unpaired	30.0	45.8	7.3	60.0	2.5	3.0	1.0	5.0	20
	Apical	75.0	110.8	20.8	167.5	5.0	5.5	0.7	7.5	20
		Min	Mean	SD	Max	Min	Mean	SD	Max
Cortical triactine		210.0	313.5	77.5	560.0	15.0	24.5	7.7	45.0	20
Cortical tetractine	Basal	260.0	376.7	83.7	550.0	30.0	38.3	3.6	40.0	15
	Apical	700.0	1042.6	172.2	1325.0	25.0	47.1	7.0	50.0	17
Pygmy triactine		30.0	44.5	9.1	60.0	2.5	6.6	1.7	7.5	11
Pygmy tetractine	Basal	32.5	46.8	6.8	62.5	5.0	6.7	1.4	10.0	20
	Apical	35.0	49.6	7.4	65.0	5.0	6.6	1.1	7.5	20
		Min	Mean	SD	Max	Min	Mean	SD	Max
BMNH 1925.10.1.5 (L)
Cortical triactine		375.0	662.5	153.1	925.0	25.0	49.4	10.3	75.0	20
Pygmy triactine		32.5	41.1	5.6	50.0	3.8	4.8	0.5	5.0	7
Pygmy tetractine	Basal	37.5	42.7	4.1	50.0	5.0	5.0	-	5.0	11
	Apical	45.0	103.3	72.9	185.0	2.5	4.2	1.4	5.0	3
BMNH 1925.10.1.6 (PL)
Cortical triactine		550.0	661.3	83.7	875.0	25.0	40.6	14.5	75.0	20
Pygmy triactine		27.5	34.8	6.9	52.5	5.0	5.0	-	5.0	20
Pygmy tetractine	Basal	25.0	36.8	8.9	55.0	5.0	5.6	1.1	7.5	20
	Apical	102.5	123.8	30.1	145.0	7.5	7.5	-	7.5	2
		Min	Mean	SD	Max	Min	Mean	SD	Max
BMNH 1923.10.1.2 (L)
Cortical triactine		350.0	486.0	93.7	670.0	20.0	33.3	7.3	50.0	20
Cortical tetractine	Basal	430.0	711.5	302.1	1225.0	50.0	64.0	20.1	100.0	10
	Apical	1175.0	1337.5	229.8	1500.0	75.0	87.5	17.7	100.0	2
Pygmy triactine		27.5	33.3	3.6	37.5	2.5	3.9	1.2	5.0	20
Pygmy tetractine	Basal	27.5	34.1	4.5	45.0	2.5	4.1	1.2	5.0	20
	Apical	162.5	163.8	1.8	165.0	5.0	6.3	1.8	7.5	2
BMNH 1923.10.1.4 (PL)
Cortical triactine		200.0	546.0	246.3	1020.0	10.0	55.0	29.2	120.0	20
Cortical tetractine	Basal	625.0	850.0	139.6	1000.0	62.5	81.3	22.0	125.0	6
	Apical	825.0	887.5	88.4	9650.0	62.5	68.8	8.8	75.0	2
Pygmy triactine		30.0	34.6	2.8	40.0	5.0	5.1	0.4	6.3	20
Pygmy tetractine	Basal	30.0	35.3	3.5	42.5	5.0	5.1	0.4	6.3	20
	Apical	50.0	116.8	37.3	175.0	2.5	4.8	2.0	7.5	20