| accessory papillae | “papilles accessoires” (Bouvier 1905); “smaller primary papillae” plus “accessory papillae” (Read 1988a); “accessory papillae” plus “secondary papillae” (Reid 1996) | dermal papillae without a sensory bristle, irrespective of their position on the plicae; usually smaller than the primary papillae (Figs 6, 18–19) |
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| antennal tip | “rings of the tip” (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1952); “apex” (Froehlich 1968) | set of terminal antennal rings with different morphology from the remaining antennal rings; these rings show less-developed sensillae than on the remaining antennal rings (Bouvier 1905: figs 7–8; du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1952: fig. 15). |
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| apical piece | “portion apicale” (Bouvier 1905); “esferóide” (Carvalho 1942); “apical piece” (Read 1988a) | apical portion of primary papillae in Peripatidae, which bears a sensory bristle; apical piece is separated from basal piece by a constriction (Figs 7–12, 20–22) |
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| basal piece | “base” (Bouvier 1905); “basal piece” (Read 1988a) | basal portion of primary papillae in Peripatidae; basal piece is separated from apical piece by a constriction (Figs 7–8, 11, 20, 22) |
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| coxal furrows | “segmental groove(s)” (Horst 1886); “pedal grooves” (Sedgwick 1888); “fentes coxales” (Bouvier 1905); “furrows” (Sedgwick 1908); “coxal furrows” (Reid et al. 1995) | furrows situated on the ventral side of each leg; nephropores of most nephridial organs (except those in the fourth and fifth leg pairs) are placed proximally within these furrows at the basis of each leg; in some onychophoran species, coxal furrows contain eversible or non-eversible coxal vesicles |
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| coxal vesicles | “vésicules coxales” (Bouvier 1905); “coxal organs” (Evans 1903; Sedgwick 1908; Grimaldi et al. 2002; Ruhberg & Hamer 2005); “eversible sacs”/“eversible coxal sacs”/“non-eversible sacs” (Hamer et al. 1997); “coxal vesicles” (Clark 1913; Lavallard & Campiglia 1981; Monge-Nájera 1995); “coxal glands” (Monge- Nájera 1995) | eversible or non-eversible sacs situated within coxal furrows; eversible coxal vesicles have been reported from several albeit not all Andean and Caribbean species of the neotropical Peripatidae (see Bouvier 1905); however, they might have been overlooked in other neotropical species because they do not evert in non-contracted specimens; non-eversible coxal vesicles have been reported from a tropical African peripatid (Bouvier 1905: 342–374) and a South African peripatopsid (Alexander & Ewer 1955); furthermore, eversible coxal vesicles have been described from a species of the South African Peripatopsidae (see Hamer et al. 1997: fig. 8), but the homology of all these structures across the Onychophora is unclear |
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| crural tubercles | “papilles crurales”, “glandes crurales” or “papilles sexuelles” (Bouvier 1905); “glândulas crurais” (Carvalho 1942); “crural tubercles” (Peck 1975); “crural papillae” (Reid 1996) | papillae-like structures bearing crural gland openings (Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera 1990: fig. 5B); mostly in males but entirely absent from some Peripatopsidae species |
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| dorsomedian furrow | “ligne claire” (Bouvier 1905); “middorsal light line”/ “light line” (Froehlich 1962, 1968); “midline channel” (Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera 1990); “dorsomedian furrow” (Mayer 2007) | cuticular furrow along the dorsal midline, along which the cuticle ruptures during moulting; dorsomedian furrow appears as a white line on the dorsal body surface when viewed in a stereomicroscope (see Mayer 2007: figs 5–6) |
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| foot papillae | “papilles pédieuses” (Bouvier 1905); “pedal papillae” (Clark 1913); “papilas do pé” (Carvalho 1942); “lateral papillae of foot” (Marcus & Marcus 1955); “foot papillae” (Read 1988a; Reid 1996) | distal or basal papillae situated on each foot (Read 1988a: fig. 32B); the foot papillae may vary intraspecifically in number and arrangement (as, e.g., in M. torquatus, see Read 1988b); thus, this character has to be analyzed in as many legs as possible, as suggested by Bouvier (1905) |
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| frontal organs | “organe frontal” (Bouvier 1905) | fields of modified sensillae on the ventral surface of the antennal bases; each modified sensilla appears finger-like and bears a short sensory bristle (Walker 1986: fig. 13; Reid 1996: fig. 8) |
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| genital pad | “genital opening”, “genital orifice”, “genital papilla”, “genital pore”, “gonopore”, “genital pad” (reviewed by Reid 1996: 913) | ovoid or circular pad of papillae enclosing the genital opening; protuberant in some species; present between the penultimate pair of legs in Peripatidae (Morera- Brenes & Monge-Nájera 1990: fig 5A) and between the last pair of legs in Peripatopsidae (Ruhberg & Hamer 2005: figs 7–10) |
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| hyaline organs | “organes clairs” (Bouvier 1905); “hyaline organs” (Froehlich 1962); “clear organs” (Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera 1990) | paired white, serially repeated structures, which occur on each side of the dorsomedian furrow at least in some species of Peripatidae; each hyaline organ lies between two adjacent plicae; hyaline organs are best seen in a stereomicroscope, when the integument is stretched; their function is unknown (cf. Bouvier 1905: fig. 4) |
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| jaw | “mouth-claw” (Moseley 1874); “Kiefer” (von Kennel 1885); “mandibule” (Bouvier 1905); “mandible” (Peck 1975); “Mandibel” (Ruhberg 1985); “jaw” (Reid 1996; Hamer et al. 1997; Ruhberg & Hamer 2005; Mayer 2007) | sclerotized mouthparts, which are limb derivatives of the second body segment and consist of an outer and an inner blades (Figs 4–5, 16–17) |
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| leg | “lobopod” (Read 1988a); “leg” (Hamer et al. 1997; Mayer 2007); “walking leg” (Walker & Tait 2004); “oncopod” (Reid 1996; Ruhberg & Hamer 2005) | segmentally arranged walking limb |
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| nephridial tubercle | “tubercule urinaire” (Bouvier 1905); “nephridial tubercles”(Clark 1913; Froehlich 1962, 1968; Peck 1975; Morera-Brenes & Léon 1986; Read 1988a; Mayer 2007); “tubérculo urinário” (Carvalho 1942); “excretory tubercle” (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1952; Marcus & Marcus 1955); “nephridiopore” (Reid 1996); “Papila Urinária” (Oliveira & Wieloch 2005) | papilla-like structure bearing nephridial opening (nephropore); the nephropore is usually situated within the coxal furrow at the basis of each leg, with the exception of the fourth and fifth leg pairs, which show a tubercle placed distally on or between spinous pads (Mayer 2007: figs 13, 14) in both Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae |
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| plicae | “plis du côté” (Bouvier 1905); “skin folds”/“transverse folds” (Peck 1975; Morera-Brenes & Léon 1986; Morera-Brenes & Monge-Nájera 1990); “Querrippen” (Ruhberg 1985); “plicae” (Reid 1996); “microannuli” (Budd 2001) | transverse ridges or rings of the body surface, which may form anastomoses (e.g., Bouvier 1905: figs 3, 71; Reid 1996: figs 37a, 37e, 69b) |
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| primary papillae | both “papilles principales” and “papilles principales secondaires” (Bouvier 1905); “principal papillae” (Froehlich 1968); “primary papillae” (Reid 1996); “main papillae”/“main integumentary papillae” (Hamer et al. 1997) | dermal papillae with a sensory bristle, irrespective of their size and position; usually larger than accessory papillae; subdivided into an apical piece and a basal piece in most Peripatidae species (Figs 6, 18–19) |
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| scales | “scales”/“micropapillae” (Read 1988a; Reid 1996) | scale-like or conical structures, mainly covering dermal papillae, usually arranged in overlapping rows (Figs 8, 20, 22); each scale corresponds to a single epidermal cell |
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| scale ranks | “scale ranks” (Read 1988a; Morera-Brenes & Monge- Nájera 1990) | overlapping rows of scales on dermal papillae (Figs 8, 20, 22) |
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| sensory bristle | “soie spiniforme” (Bouvier 1905); “bristle”/“terminal bristle” (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1952; Marcus & Marcus 1955; Morera-Brenes 1986); “terminal spine” (Froehlich 1962); “apical spine” (Froehlich 1968); “sensory bristle”/“spine” (Read 1988a, 1988b) | needle-shaped bristle on top of apical piece of each dorsal primary papilla (Figs 9, 12, 21) |
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| setiform ridges | “saillies sétifères” (Bouvier, 1905); “setiform ridges” (Read 1988a) | paired regions of the ventral foot surface bearing one or more sensory bristles; there are usually two paired setiform ridges on each foot, the distal setiform ridge and the proximal setiform ridge (Figs 13, 23) |
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