Redescription of the highly specialized aquatic † Tigrivia and the classification of the Mesozoic † Coptoclavidae (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscoidea) Author Bao, Liang School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China. & School of Ecology / State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China. Author Beutel, Rolf Georg Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07743, Germany. Author Niu, Kecheng State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361105, China. & Yingliang Stone Natural History Museum, Nan’an 362300, China. Author Bao, Tong School of Ecology / State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China. & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China. text Zootaxa 2025 2025-02-17 5588 3 401 425 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.3.1 journal article 308407 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.3.1 8a8ba185-4372-4409-91ff-5670b06ce8b4 1175-5326 14896574 E3697AAB-FB6D-440B-89C7-3AD757157481

TABLE 1. Taxa assigned to Coptoclavidae *, based on https://www.mindat.org/taxon–3263914.html#autoanchor2, modified; see also Soriano et al. 2007), taxa likely nonmonophyletic or misplaced are marked by an asterisk.

Subfamily	Genus	Comment	Occurrence	Age	citations
† Timarchopsinae *	† Timarchopsis *	likely misplaced in Dytiscoidea	Algeria, Germany, Russia, Asia, e.g. China, Kazakhstan	191 Ma, Lower Jurassic-133 Ma, Early/ Lower Cretaceous	e.g. Ponomarenko 1977 (as Necronectes), Wang et al. 2010
	† Daohugounectes *	likely misplaced	China	166 Ma, Middle Jurassic	Wang et al. 2009
	† Ditomoptera		Germany	151 Ma, Upper Jurassic	Wang et al. 2010
	† Exedia *	likely misplaced	Kazakhstan	130 Ma, Early/Lower Cretaceous	Ponomarenko 1977
	† Ovonectes		Spain	130 Ma, Early/Lower Cretaceous	Soriano et al. 2007
	† Protonectes (known as larva)		Germany	232 Ma, Late/Upper Triassic	Prokin et al. 2013
	† Stygeonectes *	likely misplaced	Russia	183 Ma, Early Jurassic-133 Ma, Early/ Lower Cretaceous	e.g. Ponomarenko 1977
	† Tuhanectes		China, Xingjiang	168 Ma, Middle Jurassic	Hong et al. 1995
	† Peudohydrophilus*	very likely misplaced in Dytiscoidea	Germany	152 Ma, Upper Jurassic	Deichmüller 1866
†Charonoscaphinae	† Charonoscapha		Southern Kazakhstan	166 Ma, Middle Jurassic	e.g. Ponomarenko 1977
	† Charonoscaphidia		Southern Kazakhstan	166 Ma, Middle Jurassic	Ponomarenko 1977
†Coptoclavinae*	† Coptoclava		Russia, Asia (China, Mongolia, Korea)	164 Ma, Middle Jurassic-113 Ma, Early/ Lower Cretaceous	e.g. Ponomarenko 1977, Zhao et al. 2018
	† Tigrivia		China	122 Ma, Early Cretaceous	Bao et al. 2023
	† Bolbonectes		Russia	164 Ma, Middle Jurassic-129 Ma, Lower Cretaceous	Ponomarenko 1993
	† Hoyoclava		Spain	130 Ma, Lower Cretaceous	Ponomarenko et al. 2000
	† Metacoptoclava		Spain	130 Ma, Lower Cretaceous	Ponomarenko et al. 2000
† Coptoclaviscinae *	† Coptoclavella		Mongolia	147 Ma, Middle Jurassic-125 Ma, Early/ Lower Cretaceous	Soriano et al. 2007
	† Coptoclavisca *	likely misplaced	Mongolia	166 Ma, Middle Jurassic-125 Ma, Early/ Lower Cretaceous	Ponomarenko 1987
	† Holcoptera		Ukraine, England, USA, Germany	247 Ma, Early/Lower Triassic-232 Ma, Late Upper Triassic	e.g. Thomson et al. 2017, Ponomarenko et al. 2022
† Hispanoclavinae Not assigned to subfamily	† Hispanoclavina		Spain	130 Ma, Early/Lower Cretaceous	Soriano et al. 2007
	† Agrascapha		China	237 Ma, Middle Triassic	Zhang et al. 2022
	† Amblycephalonius *	family placement doubtful	Germany	183 Ma, Early Jurassic	Bode 1953
	† Euroscapha		China	237 Ma, Middle Triassic	Zhang et al. 2022