Capparis macrantha sp. nov. (Capparaceae, Brassicales), a new shrub species from a deciduous forest of the Nam Kading National Protected Area (central Lao PDR) Author Souvannakhoummane, Keooudone The Agro-Biodiversity Initiative, National Agriculture and Forest Research Institute, Vientiane, Lao PDR. botanytabi@gmail.com Author Fici, Silvio Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. silvio.fici@unipa.it Author Lanorsavanh, Soulivanh Biology Department, Faculty of Natural Science, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR. biokklano@yahoo.com Author Park, Jeong Ho International Environmental Cooperation Center, National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. parkjeongho82@gmail.com Author Kang, Ho Sang International Environmental Cooperation Center, National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. silvi@chol.com Author Bounithiphonh, Chaloun Forest Ecology and Environmental Research Unit, National Agriculture and Forest Research Institute, Vientiane, Lao PDR. chalounb@yahoo.com text European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-06-01 656 656 1 12 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2020.656 7a9eaff7-7f18-4b98-bd27-6bf638769191 2118-9773 3888759

Table 1 (continued on the next page). Diagnostic characters among Capparis macrantha Souvannakhoummane, Fici & Lanorsavanh sp. nov. and related taxa.

Traits	C. macrantha	C. radula	C. olacifolia	C. acutifolia	C. echinocarpa	C. florida	C. micracantha	C. pyrifolia	C. tenera	C. urophylla	C. zeylanica
Habit	shrub	shrub	shrub or	shrub, small tree or	shrub	shrub shrub, small tree or shrub, sometimes			shrub or climber	shrub or small shrub, small tree or
			small tree	climber			climber	climber		tree	climber
Height (m)	1–3	ca 2.5–3	1–5	1–2(–7)	ca 1	up to 2.5	2–6(–10)	1.5–3.5	up to ca 3	2–6(–7)	2–5(–10)
Indumentum of	pubescent	glabrous,	densely	tomentose with	pubescent or	glabrous	sparsely pubescent	pubescent with	tomentose and early mostly glabrous		tomentose with
twigs	when young,	densely set with tomentose with stellate hairs,			glabrescent		when young, later	stellate hairs or	glabrescent, or	or with minute	stellate hairs, later
	later glabrous	minute warts	stellate hairs	glabrescent or			glabrous	glabrescent	glabrous	stellate hairs	glabrescent
				glabrous
Cataphylls
at base of	present	present	present	wanting	wanting	wanting	present	wanting	wanting	wanting	wanting
innovations
Stipular thorns:
Length (mm)	ca 2	3–4	3–5(–8)	up to 4	2–4	up to ca 3	(1.5–)2–4(–7)	1–3(–4)	3–4	up to 1	2.5–6
Shape	straight or	recurved	straight	straight	recurved	straight or wanting	straight or slightly	straight, slightly	recurved	slightly recurved recurved
	slightly			or wanting			recurved	recurved or		or wanting
	recurved							wanting
Length of petiole (mm)	10–24	5–6	5–6	4–7(–11)	4–7	(6–)7–10(–11)	6–10(–15)	4–6	(2.5–)4–6	3–5	0.5–1(–2)
Leaf blade:
Size (cm)	30–36×	ca 4.5–9.5×	8–13(–16)×	(4.5–)8–13(–22.5)×	3.5–6(–7.5)×	(10–)10.5–14(–15)× 8–24(–32.5)×		(4–)5–9.5(–15)×	(3.7–)4.5–8(–11.5)× (3–)4–8.5×		4–10(–18)×
	7.5–10.5	2.5–6.5	(3.5–)4–6	(1.5–)2.5–4(–5)	(1.5–)2.5–3.5	(5–)5.5–8(–8.7)	(3.7–)4–9(–12.5)	(2–)2.5–4.5(–6.5)	(1.5–)2–4(–6)	1.3–2(–2.3)	(2.1–)3–5.5(–9)
Length/width	ca 3.7–4.1	ca 1.5–2.1	(2–)2.2–	(1.5–)2–4(–7)	1.5–2(–2.4)	(1.4–)1.5–2.1(–2.4) 1.6–2.9(–4.1)		(1.2–)1.7–2.5(–3)	(1.4–)1.8–2(–2.7)	(2.2–)3–4(–5.4)	(1.2–)1.5–
ratio			2.6(–3.5)								2.7(–2.9)
Leaf base	obtuse or	rounded	rounded	acute or cuneate rounded to acutish rounded, sometimes mostly rounded, in				rounded, acute or	rounded, subcordate rounded, cuneate rounded,
	rounded					blunt	some cases blunt,	blunt	or acutish	or acutish	sometimes
						subcordate or acute				subcordate or acute
Leaf apex	acute or	rounded with	tapering,	acuminate	tapering,	acute or slightly	mostly rounded, or	acuminate	acuminate	caudate	acute or rounded,
	acuminate	recurved mucro	gradually		gradually	acuminate,	emarginate, acute				rarely acuminate,
			acuminate,		acuminate	mucronulate	or mucronate				with recurved
			mucronulate								mucro
N° of veins on
each side of the	ca 8–12	4–6	(5–)6–7(–8)	8–10	5–6	ca 6–8	5–7(–10)	ca 5	(3–)4–5	4–6	3–8
midrib
Pedicel length	3.5–4.2	0.7–2	0.7–1.5	0.8–1.5(–4)	1–1.5	(0.6–)0.8–	(0.4–)0.7–1(–2)	(0.9–)1.5–2(–2.5)	(0.5–)1–	0.6–1.3(–1.5)	0.4–2(–3)
(cm)						1.5(–1.6)			3(–3.5)
Sepals:
Size (mm)	20–25 ×7–10	ca 9–11×3–5	8–10× (3–)4–5(–6)	(4–)5–8(–9)×2.5–4	ca 5×2.5	(6–)7–10×3–3.5	(3–)5.5–13× (1.5–)2.5–5.5	4–5×2.5–4	(2.5–)3–4.5(–5.5)× ca 3–5×2–3 (1.5–)2–2.5		(5–)6–11(–15)× (3–)4–7(–9)
Pubescence	glabrous	puberulous outside and	tomentose at margins	tomentose at margins	pubescent or glabrescent	pubescent inside and at margins	hairy at margins	minutely hairy or glabrous	sometimes hairy inside and	glabrous outside, tomentose outside tomentose inside and at the margins
	inside at margins				outside				at the margins
Petals:
Size (mm)	35–45×12–26	ca 11–14×6	ca (15–)17– 22×5	(6–)7–12(–14)×3–5	ca 6×2	(11–)12–18(–22)× (3–)4–5(–6)	(9–)10–25× (2–)3–7	(5–)6–8× (1.5–)2–4	(3.5–)4–5(–7)× 1.7–2.3	6–7×2.5–3.5	(7–)7.5–12(–19)× (3–)3.5–5(–8)
Pubescence	puberulous glabrous or hairy		tomentose at	tomentose at	pubescent	woolly	puberulous outside	hairy-floccose on	tomentose	tomentose inside mostly glabrous or
	outside	at the base	margins and outside at the top	margins and in especially outside some cases at the top			and at margins	both sides			outside pubescent
Number of stamens	ca 100–135	ca 30–40	ca 34–38	20–35	8–10	ca 47–61	(10–)20– 35(–100)	ca 20–25	(7–)8–18	ca 14–20	30–45(–70)
Length of filaments (cm)	3.5–4.5	1.7–2	2.7–3.5	ca (1.8–)2–2.3(–3)	ca 1.4–2	(2–)2.5–3.5	1.8–3	1.4–2.3	ca 1.5	1.5–1.9	2–3.5(–5)
Gynophore:
Length (cm)	3.8–4.2	1.6–2.3	2.7–3.5	(1.3–)1.7–2.7(–3.2)	1.5–2	(2–) 2.5–3.4	1.5–3 (–3.5)	(1.4–)1.6–2(–2.5)	(1.2–)1.5–2(–2.5)	1–2(–2.5)	(2–)4–5(–6.5)
Pubescence	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrescent or puberulous at the base	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	pubescent or puberulous at the base
Ovary:
Size (mm)	5–6×1.7–2	ca 2.5–3×2	ca 2–3×1–1.5	ca 2×1	2×1–1.2	1.5–2×1	(1.5–)2–3×1.5–2	1×0.5–0.7	ca 1.5×0.5–1	1×0.5	1.5–2.5×1–1.5
Shape	ellipsoid or oblong	ovoid	ellipsoid with elongate style	pear-shaped or elongate	pear-shaped	pear-shaped or ovoid	ovoid or ellipsoid	ovoid or ellipsoid	pear-shaped or subglobose	ellipsoid	ellipsoid or ovoid
Pubescence	glabrous	glabrous	densely tomentose	glabrous	pubescent or glabrescent	with slender style glabrous	glabrous, rarely hairy	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous	glabrous