Descriptions of three new species of South African Syllidae Grube, 1850 (Polychaeta) and range confirmation of Syllis amicarmillaris Simon, San Martín & Robinson, 2014 Author Samoilova, Veronika Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), carrer d’accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Catalunya, Spain. veronika.samoilova@cfalloretdemar.cat Author Simon, Carol A. Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. csimon@sun.ac.za Author Martín, Guillermo San Department of Biology (Zoology), Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center Cambio global (CIBC-UAM), Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, calle Darwin, 2, Canto Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain. guillermo.sanmartin@uam.es Author Martin, Daniel Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), carrer d’accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Catalunya, Spain. dani@ceab.csic.es text European Journal of Taxonomy 2026 2026-01-23 1034 226 258 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3165/14081 journal article 314358 10.5852/ejt.2026.1034.3165 afd74d45-8705-4182-a5f8-f739386e9c96 2118-9773 18594333 6E1DA767-034C-4BCE-B303-F43FE542BF0A

Table 1. Alternating length pattern of antennae, dorsal tentacular cirri, and first five anterior dorsal cirri in the Syllis prolifera complex, the neotipe in Licher (1999), the specimen in San Martin (2003), and the five lineages in del Olmo et al. (2024), compared to Syllis kikeballesterosi sp. nov. CA: central antennae; LA: lateral antennae; DTC: dorsa tentacular cirri; DC1–DC5: dorsal cirri from chaetigers 1 to 5. Length relationships expressed as: very short (s) <short (S) <long (l) <very long (L).

	CA	LA	DTC	DC1	DC2	DC3	DC4	DC5
Lineage 1	S	s	L	S	L	S	s	S
Lineage 2	S	s	l	S	l	L	S	L
Lineage 3	S	s	L	s	S	l	L	S
Lineage 4	l	s	L	s	L	S	s	l
Lineage 5	s	s	L	s	S	L	S	s
Sylis prolifera (neotype)	l	s	l	L	S	l	L	S
Syllis prolifera (San Martin, 2003)	l	s	l	L	S	l	L	s
Syllis kikeballesterosi sp. nov.	s	S	L	L	S	l	l	S