Phylogeography of Antarctic soil invertebrate fauna reveals ancient origins, repeated colonization and recent evolution Author Ross, Giles M. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and & Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands Author Rymer, Paul D. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and Author Cook, James M. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and Author Nielsen, Uffe N. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and text Antarctic Science 2025 Cambridge, England 2025-01-15 37 1 13 30 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102024000403 journal article 10.1017/S0954102024000403 1365-2079 15816846

Table III. Summary of mean levels of COI and COII sequence divergence and number of haplotypes in springtail species and regions as reported in cited references.

			Mean COII inter-
Note: The taxonomy of F. grisea has since been revised, and it is now known to represent four unique species, namely F. grisea, F. antarctica, F. gretae and F. propria. AP = Antarctic Peninsula; N = northern; S = southern.
		Mean COI inter-regional	population divergence	Haplotypes
Springtail species	Region	divergence (%)	(%)	(n)	Phylogeographical studies
Cryptopygus	N	8.7	-	45	Collins et al. 2019
cisantarcticus		(4.3 – 13)
Cryptopygus	N	10.5	-	62	Collins et al. 2019, Hawes et al. 2010
terranovus		(6.8 – 14.7)
Friesea grisea	N	6	-	55	Collins et al. 2019, Torricelli et al.
		(4.5 – 10.9)			2010a
Kaylathalia klovstadi	N	8	2.25	69	Collins et al. 2019, Frati et al. 2001,
		(0.7 – 7 5)	(0.1 – 3.8)		Stevens et al. 2006 b, 2007
Antarcticinella	S	10.7	-	66	Beet et al. 2016, Collins et al. 2019
monoculata		(1.25 – 98.7)
Cryptopygus nivicolus	S	4.5	1.6	16	Beet et al. 2016, Collins et al. 2019,
		(1.6 – 5.0)	(0 – 1.6)		Stevens et al. 2006a
Gomphiocephalus	S	3.63	-	289	Beet et al. 2016, Collins et al. 2019,
hodgsoni		(1.5 – 7.3)			McGaughran et al. 2008, 2010c
Cryptopygus	AP	-	4.6	19	McGaughran et al. 2010c
cisantarcticus			(0 – 9.2)
Friesea grisea	AP	-	2.7 – 17.2	80	Torricelli et al. 2010a