Phylogeography of Antarctic soil invertebrate fauna reveals ancient origins, repeated colonization and recent evolution Author Ross, Giles M. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and & Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands Author Rymer, Paul D. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and Author Cook, James M. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and Author Nielsen, Uffe N. Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia and text Antarctic Science 2025 Cambridge, England 2025-01-15 37 1 13 30 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954102024000403 journal article 10.1017/S0954102024000403 1365-2079 15816846

Table II. Examples of the main Antarctic faunal types and species that have phylogenetic evidence supporting either their ancient origins or more recent dispersal in continental and maritime regions.

	Continental		Maritime
Invertebrate
LGM = Last Glacial Maximum.
Group	Ancient species (pre-LGM)	Recent dispersers (post-LGM)	Ancient species (pre-LGM)	Recent dispersers (post-LGM)
Collembola	Friesea spp.	Cryptopygus cisantarcticus	Friesea antarctica	Friesea grisea
	Kaylathalia klovstadi			Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni
	Cryptopygus terranovus
Acari	Maudheimia sp.	Halozetes fulvus	Halozetes belgicae	Halozetes. marinus
	Stereotydeus mollis	Stereotydeus nunatakis	Alaskozetesantarcticus	Halozetes necrophagus
Nematoda	Scottnema lindsayae	Plectus rigophilus	Plectus murrayi	Eudorylaimus coniceps
	Panagrolaimus davidi		Plectus antarcticus	Plectus meridianus
	Plectus murrayi
Rotifera	Adineta grandis	Notholca sp.	Philodena antarctica	Linda torulosa
	Philodina gregaria	Adineta gracilis	Brachionus bidentatus	Colurella colurus
Encentrum permolle gigantheum
Tardigrada	Hypsibius antarcticus	Milnesium antarcticum	Testechiniscusmeridionalis	Mesobiotus aradasi
	Milnesium tardigradum	Minibiotusvinciguerrae	Adropion greveni	Diphascon langhovdense