Rediscovery of the Long-eared Bat Genus Nyctophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Timor and a Reassessment of Nyctophilus timoriensis Author Parnaby, Harry E. Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia Harry.Parnaby@Australian.Museum Author Helgen, Kristofer M. Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia & Australian Research Council Centre for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia text Records of the Australian Museum 2023 2023-12-13 75 5 629 652 journal article 282770 10.3853/j.2201-4349.75.2023.1782 e388dc63-5759-45ec-9f89-947f247ff618 2201-4349 10420945

Table 5. Bat species recorded from the island of Timor, indicating endemic taxa (E). Based on Polhemus & Helgen (2004), Simmons (2005), our interpretation of the taxonomic literature combined with inspection of world collections by the second author, and research by our colleagues as indicated. *

Taxon	Timor endemic?	Remarks
Table 5. Continued …
* We note that Kitchener & Maryanto (1995) include Pteropus alecto in the Timorese bat fauna based on a specimen from “island of Timor” that Kitchener, Packer & Maharadatunkamsi (1995) assigned to P. alecto?gouldi based on a specimen from “island of Timor” for which they provide no further data.
Fruit-bats (Pteropodidae)
Acerodon mackloti mackloti (Temminck, 1837)	—
Cynopterus terminus Sody, 1940	E Variably terminus Schmitt	Variably considered a subspecies Cynopterus titthaecheilus terminus, e.g., Simmons (2005), or a full species, e.g., Schmitt et al. (2009).
Cynopterus nusatenggara Kitchener & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991	— Recorded	Recorded from West Timor (Ruedas et al., 2019).
Dobsonia moluccensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1830)	— Recordedteenth	Recorded by Polhemus & Helgen (2004) based on a nineteenth century specimen, suspected to be extinct on Timor.
Dobsonia peronii peronii (Geoffroy, 1810)	—
Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871)	—
Macroglossus minimus lagochilus Matschie, 1899	—
Nyctimene keasti Kitchener in Kitchener, Packer & Maryanto (1993)	— The keasti	The few Timorese records are usually assigned to N. cephalotes (Pallas, 1767); considered more likely to be keasti by Kitchener, Packer & Suyanto (1995: 138).
Pteropus griseus (Geoffroy, 1810)	—
Pteropus lombocensis salottii Kitchener, in Kitchener & Maryanto, 1995	E P. Maryanto	P. lombocensis first reported from Timor by Kitchener & Maryanto (1995); endemic subspecies.
Pteropus vampyrus edulis (Geoffroy, 1810)	—
Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810)	—
Sheathtail-bats (Emballonuridae)
Saccolaimus saccolaimus (Temminck, 1838)	—
Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841	—
? Taphozous achates Thomas, 1915b	— Probably	Probably occurs in Timor, see Kitchener et al. (1993: 80).
Horseshoe-bats (Rhinolophidae)
Rhinolophus keyensis parvus Goodwin, 1979	E Endemic	Endemic subspecies, previously included in R. celebensis Andersen, 1905.
Rhinolophus montanus Goodwin, 1979	E	Previously included as a subspecies of R. philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843 but elevated to species by Csorba (2002).
Rhinolophus timorensis Goodwin, 1979	E Often 1909	Often included as a subspecies of R. canuti Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 but likely to be a full species (Helgen, 2004).
Rhinolophus sp. cf. philippinensis Waterhouse, 1843	— Captured	Captured in Timor-Leste, taxonomic status under investigation (Armstrong, 2007).
Leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae)
Hipposideros bicolor hilli Kitchener in Kitchener et al. (1996)	1996) E	Subspecies endemic.
Hipposideros crumeniferus (Lesueur & Petit, 1807). incertae sedis	— Entity cervinus Oey	Entity of uncertain taxonomic status, suspected to be H. cervinus (Gould, 1854) or a closely related taxon by Oey & van der Feen (1958) and Hill (1963).
Hipposideros diadema diadema (Geoffroy, 1813)	—
Hipposideros sumbae rotiensis Kitchener & Maryanto, 1993	E	Recorded from Timor by Kitchener & Maryanto (1993).
Bent-wing bats (Miniopteridae)
Miniopterus macrodens Maeda, 1982	—	Past records of M. schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) from Timor are likely to be this species but species taxonomy of Miniopterus from Timor remains confused. Maeda (1983) demonstrated that macrodens and magnater Sanborn, 1931 are distinct but often treated as a subspecies, M. magnater macrodens.
Miniopterus blepotis Temminck, 1840	—	Requires confirmation. Past records of M. schreibersii (Kuhl, 1817) from Timor might include this species (Ibáñez & Juste, 2019), possibly along with past records of M. oceanensis Maeda, 1982.
Miniopterus pusillus Dobson, 1876	—	Subspecies from Timor uncertain, see Kitchener & Suyanto (2002: 26).
Miniopterus shortridgei Laurie & Hill, 1957	—	Recorded by Kitchener & Suyanto (2002). Previous authors assigned Timor specimens to M. australis Tomes, 1858b.
Vespertilionid bats (Vespertilionidae)
Harpiocephalus sp.	?	Captured in Timor-Leste by Pavey & Milne (2004), generic identity determined by Armstrong & Konishi (2012); taxonomic status under investigation (Kyle Armstrong, pers. comm. 2020).
Kerivoula sp.	?	Captured in northern Timor-Leste (Pavey & Milne, 2004); subsequent records from the south coast, Timor-Leste (Armstrong & Konishi, 2012). Taxonomic status under investigation (Kyle Armstrong, pers. comm. 2020).
Murina sp.	?	Captured in northern (Pavey & Milne, 2004) and south coast Timor-Leste (Armstrong & Konishi, 2012). Taxonomic status under investigation (Kyle Armstrong, pers. comm. 2020).
Myotis adversus (Horsfield, 1824)	—	First recorded from Timor by Kitchener et al. (1995).
Myotis muricola (Gray, 1847)	—	Captured by Hisheh et al. (2004).
Nyctophilus timoriensis (Geoffroy, 1806)	?E	Probably endemic. Obtained by Baudin expedition of 1802–1804, at Kupang. Specimens from Maubisse, Timor- Leste might be this species.
Pipistrellus sp. cf. papuanus Peters & Doria, 1881 **	—	Previously recognized as P. tenuis (Temminck, 1840) but taxonomic status of P. papuanus from Timor is uncertain.
Scotophilus collinus Sody, 1936	—	Treated as a synonym of S. kuhlii (Leach, 1821b) or S. temminckii (Horsfield, 1824), prior to the taxonomic revision of Kitchener et al. (1997).
Scotorepens sanborni (Troughton, 1937)	—	See Kitchener et al. (1994).
Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915c	—