How to describe a new species in zoology and avoid mistakes Author Braby, Michael F. Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 and Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia michael.braby@anu.edu.au Author Hsu, Yu-Feng Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan 116, Republic of China Author Lamas, Gerardo Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Arenales 1256, Apartado 14 - 0434, Lima- 14, Peru text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024 2024-05-03 202 4 1 16 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae043 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae043 0024-4082 14764103

Table 2. Example of how to set out the classification headers (higher-level taxon names), type species, species’ name header, figures, and synonymy of a species and subspecies (modified from Beaver et al. 2023).

LYCAENIDAE Leach, 1815
OGYRINI Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914
Ogyris Angas, 1847
Type species: Ogyris amaryllis Hewitson, 1862 by subsequent monotypy.
Ogyris arcana M.R.Williams & Hay, 2001 stat. rev. (Figs. 1, 3e –h, 6e–h)
Ogyris otanes C.Felder & R.Felder, 1865.—Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914: 121; Waterhouse, 1932: 184; Common & Waterhouse, 1972: 342; Williams et al., 1992: 55–60; Hay et al. [1994]: 31, pl. 4, fig.7–9. [Genus Ogyris Westwood, 1851]. [Misidentifications in literature].
Ogyris sp. —Field, 1987: 113.
Ogyris otames C.Felder & R.Felder, 1865.—Hay, 1989: 42, 43. [Misspelling of O. otanes].
Ogyris otanes C.Felder & R.Felder, 1865 ‘local forms 2 and 3’.—Dunn and Dunn, 1991: 367. [Genus Ogyris Westwood, 1851].
Ogyris otanes (C.Felder & R.Felder, 1865) ‘south-western form’.—Braby, 2000: 710–712, pl. 50, fig.3b. [Genus Ogyris Angas, 1847].
Ogyris otanes (C.Felder & R.Felder, 1865).—Williams et al., 2012: 50–51. [Misidentification in literature]. [Genus Ogyris Angas, 1847].
Ogyris otanes arcana M.R.Williams & Hay, 2001: 59–61, fig. 5–8; Sands & New, 2002: 288; Braby, 2010: 35; Schmidt et al., 2014: 473–484; Braby, 2016:266–267, 350; Sankowsky, 2020: 315.
Ogyris halmaturia waterhouseri (Bethune-Baker, 1905) stat. rev. (Figs.1, 4g –l, 7e–h.)
Ogyris idmo Hewitson, 1862.—Miskin, 1890: 24; Anderson & Spry, 1893: 101, 104; Lower, 1893: 9; Waterhouse, 1903a: 29. [Misidentifications in literature or incorrectly considered to be a senior synonym of O. halmaturia].
Ogyris waterhouseri Bethune-Baker, 1905: 273–274; Waterhouse and Lyell, 1908: 162, 165–166; Kershaw, 1908: 163–164; Seitz, 1926: 940; Peters, 1971: 26. [Genus Ogyris Westwood, 1851].
Ogyris waterhouseri (Bethune-Baker, 1905).—Braby and Douglas, 2008: 315–329, fig.1–3, 14–17. [Genus Ogyris Angas, 1847].
Ogyris idmo waterhouseri Bethune-Baker, 1905. — Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914: 122, pl. 18; Burns, 1931: 131–132; Common, 1964: 96; Burns & Rotherham, 1969: 98; D’Abrera, 1971: 320; McCubbin, 1971: 84; Quick, 1972: 9–10.
Ogyris idmo waterhousei Bethune-Baker, 1905.—Common, 1964:96. [Misspelling of O. waterhouseri].
Ogyris halmaturia waterhouseri Bethune-Baker, 1905.—Tindale, 1923: 348.
Ogyris idmo halmaturia Tepper, 1890.—Waterhouse, 1932: 179–180;Common and Waterhouse, 1972: 341–342; Crosby, 1974a: 65; Fisher, 1978: 193–194, pl. 10, fig.11–13; Common and Waterhouse, 1981: 479; Dunn and Dunn, 1991: 366, 457; Douglas, 1995: 6–10, fig. 1; Grund, 1999: 47–48; Grund, 2003: 71. [Genus Ogyris Westwood, 1851]. [Considered to be a senior synonym of O. waterhouseri].
Ogyris idmo halmaturia (Tepper, 1890).—Edwards, 1996: 250; Hunt et al., 1998: 113–116; Moore, 1999:12; Field, 1999: 252–254, 259, fig.13–16; Braby, 2000: 396, 712–714, pl. 50, fig. 5b;
Edwards et al., 2001: 254–255; Sands and New, 2002: 282–284; Braby, 2004: 242–243, 316; New et al., 2007: 245. [Genus Ogyris Angas, 1847]. [Considered to be a senior synonym of O. waterhouseri].
Ogyris halmaturia (Tepper, 1890).—Grund, 2010: 114–120; Braby et al., 2011: 29–36; New, 2011: 21, 99, 103–104, 148; Schmidt et al., 2014:473–484; Braby, 2016: 268–269, 350. [Genus Ogyris Angas, 1847].