A new dentition-based phylogeny of Litopterna (Mammalia: Placentalia) and ‘ archaic’ South American ungulates Author Püschel, Hans P. Millenium Nucleus Early Evolutionary Transitions of Mammals (EVOTEM), Red Palentológica U-Chile, Santiago, 7800003, Chile & School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH 9 3 FE, United Kingdom hpuschelr@gmail.com Author Shelley, Sarah L. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH 9 3 FE, United Kingdom Author Williamson, Thomas E. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, United States Author Perini, Fernando A. Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, UFMG, BH 31270 - 901, Brazil Author Wible, John R. Section of Mammals, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 5800 Baum Boulevard, Pittsburgh, PA 15206, United States Author Brusatte, Stephen L. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh, EH 9 3 FE, United Kingdom text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2024 2024-09-07 202 1 1 50 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae095 journal article 308495 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae095 34048ff1-d299-456e-937d-6827e12171bc 0024-4082 13774717

Table 2. Previous phylogenetic analyses that included Litopterna and Didolodontidae. Abbreviations: Ad, Adianthidae; An, Anisolambdidae; As, Astrapotheria; C, cranial; D, dental; Di, Didolodontidae; I, Indaleciidae; K, Kollpaniinae; Ma, Macraucheniidae; Mi, North American Mioclaenidae; No. litopterns, number of uncontroversial litopterns; Nt, Notonychopidae; Nu, Notoungulata; PC, postcranial; Pe, Proterotheriidae; Po, Protolipternidae; Py, Pyrotheria; S, Sparnotheriodontidae; X, Xenungulata

Analysis	No. taxa	No. Litop.	No. char.		Litoptern families						Other families					Orders			Focus of the analysis
				Ad	An	Ma	Pe	S	Di	I	K	Mi	Nt	Po	As	Nu	Py	X
Cifelli (1993)	16a	7	51	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X			X					Primitive SA ungulates and interfamilial Litopterna
Bergqvist (1996)	60	9	153	X	X	X	X	X	X			X		X	X	X		X	Primitive SA ungulates and interordinal affinities of SANUs
Bonaparte and Morales (1997)	15	7	54	X	X	X	X	X		X	Xc		X	X					Affinities of Requisia vidamari within Litopterna
Muizon and Cifelli (2000)	24	0	38						X		X	X		X					Affinities of kollpanines with NA mioclaenids and SANUs
Gelfo (2004)	19	0	27						X		X	X		X					Affinities of Pascualodus patagoniensis
Horovitz (2004)	70	2	240			X	X					X			X	X			Interordinal affinities of SANUs
Kramarz and Bond (2005)	7	7	17				X												Affinities of Picturotherium migueli
Gelfo (2006)	26	0	88						X		X			X					Affinities of Didolodontidae with Protolipterna and Kollpaninae
Gelfo (2007)	18	0	28						X		X	X		X					Affinities of Raulvaccia peligrensis
Gelfo et al. (2008)	23	2	20		X			X	X	X	X		X		X	X	X	X	Affinities of Notoetayoa gargantuai
Gelfo (2010)	18	0	33						X		X								Affinities of Didolodontidae
Gelfo and Sigé (2011)	20	0	41						X		X								Affinities of Umayodus raimondi within Proterotheriidae
Villafañe et al. (2012)	16	16	21				X												Affinities of Thoatheriopsis mendocensis within Proterotheriidae
Schmidt (2013) d	19	19	22		Xc		X												Affinities within Proterotheriidae
Schmidt (2013) e	17	17	26	Xc		X													Affinities within Macraucheniidae
O’Leary et al. (2013)	126	0	4541						X			X		X		X		X	Interordinal affinities of living and fossil placental mammals
Schmidt and Ferrero (2014)	18	18	25	Xc		X													Affinities of Theosodon hystatus within Macraucheniidae
Reguero et al. (2014)	7	5	34					X	X		Xc								Affinities within Sparnotheriodontidae