| (1) | Setae of three types: (a) “denticulate”—robust, with blunt tip, of various sizes, some with distal 1/3 rd to 1/ |
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| 4 th sharply bent; (b) “smooth-hooked”—slender, elongate, with narrow, smooth stem, laterally |
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| flattened terminal hook; (c) simple—smooth stem with acute tip, usually small |
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| (2) | Body shape: robust, thick, compact; dorsum globose; venter flat |
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| (3) | *Thoracic (T2, T3) and abdominal (A1–A6) segments: nota expanded laterally (& LTs displaced |
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| ventrally), so setose notal surface covers entire dorsal and lateral regions |
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| Head |
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| (1) | *Cranial size: appearing relatively small; posterior section largely withdrawn into cervix and pronotum [also |
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| known from Nacarina, see Weber 1942] |
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| (2) | *Cranial shape: quadrate, broad basally, thick in lateral view |
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| (3) | Stemmata dark brown to black |
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| (4) | Antenna: *scape enclosed within deep membranous or sclerotized socket lateral to eyes; base of flagellum, |
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| pedicel relatively wide; flagellum tapering |
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| (5) | *Mandible robust, shorter than head length, width at base ~ 0.4–0.5x length of mandible |
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| (6) | *Mandibular base with two “denticulate” setae laterally |
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| (7) | Labium: stipes, cardo broad, robust, *oriented in longitudinal line; *palpus stout, width of middle segment |
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| about 0.4-0.6x length |
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| (8) | Cranial setae: *setae clustered on anterior half of cranium; posterior half largely without robust setae (except |
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| Vx setae); *all primary (dorsal and ventral) setae denticulate; some secondary setae “denticulate”, |
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| others “simple”, small |
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| Thorax |
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| (1) | Spiracles: borne on enlarged tubercles, with simple unraised circular opening; atrium unenlarged, with |
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| cylindrical sides |
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| (2) | Lateral tubercles (LTs): paddle-like or rotund, with broad trunk, bulbous distal lobe |
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| (3) | Laterodorsal tubercles (LDTs) absent |
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| (4) | *Setae on lateral tubercles (LS): distal setae “denticulate”, strongly bent distally |
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| (5) | Legs: relatively short |
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| (6) | *Pronotum: with relatively few setae (simple or “smooth-hooked”) [We suspect that along with the head, |
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| much of the pronotum can be withdrawn below the meso- and metathoracic nota.] |
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| (7) | *Mesonotum, metanotum: with dense transverse patches of “smooth-hooked” setae |
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| Abdomen |
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| (1) | A1-A8: Spiracles sessile, without distinct associated setae |
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| (2) | A1: LTs, LDTs absent |
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| (3) | A2–A6: LTs projecting laterally; LDTs absent |
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| (4) | A7: LTs projecting posterolaterally; LDTs present, with elongate “denticulate” setae projecting posteriorly |
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| (5) | A1: notum with single transverse fold bearing single large field of “smooth-hooked” submedian setae (SMS) |
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| (6) | A2–A6: notum with two transverse folds; anterior fold with SMS sparse laterally, dense between spiracles; |
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| posterior fold with broad dense field of SMS between LTs |
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| (7) | A7: with several small “simple” setae anteriorly, two pairs “denticulate” setae between LDTs |
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| (8) | A8–A10: segments relatively small, largely withdrawn into anterior segment(s) |
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| (9) | A8–A10: segments largely withdrawn into or under anterior segments; A8: with small LTs bearing small |
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| “denticulate” LS; A8–A9: *dorsum with 2–3 pairs of “denticulate” setae. |
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