A review of geographic variation in the monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia Lesson, 1831 (Serpentes: Elapidae) with the designation of a neotype Author Balchan, Neil R. Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA Author Esquerré, Damien Environmental Futures Research Centre, School of Science, The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia Author Wogan, Guinevere O. U. Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA Author Wüster, Wolfgang School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL. 57 2 UW, Wales, U. K. text Zootaxa 2025 2025-11-07 5717 4 488 516 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.2 journal article 313854 10.11646/zootaxa.5717.4.2 7bdd03f9-c853-42e1-ae51-f2bf02857c10 1175-5326 17890884 B8009E78-6C3B-4DB1-BB76-9335FD480D07

APPENDIX 1. Molecular data used in phylogenetic reconstructions.

Voucher #	Species	Locality	cyt b	COI	ND4
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BDS81	N. kaouthia	Bangladesh	_	KM521202	_
C05CYTB	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	ON100933	_	_
C06CYTB	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	ON100934	_	_
C07CYTB	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	ON100935	_	_
C08CYTB	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	ON100936	_	_
C09CYTB	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	ON100937	_	_
C10CYTB	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	ON100938	_	_
C11CYTB	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	ON100939	_	_
CAS206602	N. kaouthia	Ayeyarwady, Myanmar	MT346708	_	JF357930
CFSLK Nk01	N. kaouthia	West Bengal, India	_	GU570594	_
CHS026	N. fuxi	China	MK201244	_	_
CHS726	N. fuxi	China	MK201489	_	_
CIB 098874	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237998	_
CIB 098875	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237999	_
CIB 20180531	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237997	_
CIB DL000020	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237993	_
CIB DL000070	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237994	_
CIB DL0000961	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237995	_
CIB DL000249	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237996	_
CIB YNJC0022	N. fuxi	China	_	ON237992	_
CIB YS2	N. fuxi	China	_	ON238000	_
CIB098874	N. fuxi	Miyi, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China	ON221342	_	_
CIB098875	N. fuxi	Miyi, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China	ON221343	_	_
CIB20180531	N. fuxi	Panchizhua, Sichuan, China	ON221341	_	_
CIBDL000020	N. fuxi	Jiangcheng, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221337	_	ON221397
CIBDL000070	N. fuxi	Jiangcheng, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221338	_	ON221398
CIBDL000096	N. fuxi	Jiangcheng, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221339	_	_
CIBDL000249	N. fuxi	Jiangcheng, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221340	_	ON221399
CIBYNJC0022	N. fuxi	Jiangcheng, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221336	_	ON221396
CIBYS2	N. fuxi	Yanyuan, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China	ON221344	_	ON221400
CO1CYTB	N. kaouthia	Pathum Thani, Thailand	ON100929	_	_
CO2CYTB	N. kaouthia	Samut Prakan, Thailand	ON100930	_	_
CO3CYTB	N. kaouthia	Samut Prakan, Thailand	ON100931	_	_
CO4CYTB	N. kaouthia	Samut Prakan, Thailand	ON100932	_	_
HS13319	N. atra	Huangshan, China	KU527539	_	_
HS15040	N. atra	Huangshan, China	_	_	KU379750
HS16001	N. fuxi	China	KU527540	_	KU527543
I23CYTB	N. kaouthia	Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100943	_	_
Isolate579	N. naja	Nepal	_	_	MT346907
Isolate585	N. kaouthia	Thailand	GQ359507	_	EU624209
Isolate812	N. kaouthia	Vietnam	MT346705	_	MT346901
Isolate813	N. kaouthia	Vietnam	MT346706	_	MT346902
Isolate818	N. kaouthia	Thailand	MT346707	_	MT346903
Isolate839	N. kaouthia	Myanmar	MT346708	_	MT346904
JX100605	N. atra	China	_	MH220633	_
KIZ090071	N. fuxi	Simao, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	_	ON237987	_
KIZ20180801	N. fuxi	Simao, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	_	ON237989	_
KIZ2020090301	N. fuxi	Menglian, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	_	ON237990	_
KIZ2020091201	N. fuxi	Ximeng, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	_	ON237991	_
KIZF20180066	N. fuxi	Simao, Pu’er, Yunnan, China	_	ON237988	_
KIZ020255	N. kaouthia	China	MW197779	_	MW197773
KIZ04043	N. kaouthia	China	MW197776	_	MW197770
KIZ04044	N. kaouthia	China	MW197777	_	MW197771
KIZ04045	N. kaouthia	China	MW197778	_	MW197772
KIZ090071	N. fuxi	Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221331	_	_
KIZ20180801	N. fuxi	Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221333	_	_
KIZ2020090301	N. fuxi	Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221334	_	ON221394
KIZ2020091201	N. fuxi	Pu’er, Yunnan, China	ON221335	_	ON221395
KIZF20180066	N. fuxi	China	ON221332	_	_
KIZYPX18216	N. kaouthia	China	MW111477	_	MW111432
N08CYTB	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	ON100940	_	_
N09CYTB	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	ON100941	_	_
N10CYTB	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	ON100942	_	_
NKA1	N. kaouthia	Thailand	_	AB920183	_
NKA2	N. kaouthia	Thailand	_	AB920184	_
NKA3	N. kaouthia	Thailand	_	AB920185	_
None	N. kaouthia	Unknown	LR880477	_	_
None	N. kaouthia	Unknown	LR880478	_	_
QSMIAlive	N. kaouthia	Thailand	LC431744	LC431744	LC431744
S01CYTB	N. kaouthia	Surat Thani, Thailand	ON100944	_	_
S02CYTB	N. kaouthia	Surat Thani, Thailand	ON100945	_	_
S03CYTB	N. kaouthia	Surat Thani, Thailand	ON100946	_	_
S04CYTB	N. kaouthia	Surat Thani, Thailand	ON100947	_	_
S05CYTB	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	ON100948	_	_
S06CYTB	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	ON100949	_	_
S07CYTB	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	ON100950	_	_
S08CYTB	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	ON100951	_	_
S09CYTB	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	ON100952	_	_
Specimen1	N. kaouthia	Unknown	FR693728	_	_
Specimen2	N. kaouthia	Unknown	FR693733	_	_
ZMUVAS21	N. naja	Pakistan	_	MK941841	_
ZMUVAS8	N. naja	Pakistan	MK936173	_	_
N.kou.TP	N. kaouthia	Tan Phuoc, Vietnam	JN709995	_	_
N.kou.GC	N. kaouthia	Go Cong, Vietnam	JN709996	_	_
Nor1	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721213	_	_
Nor2	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721214	_	_
Nor3	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721215	_	_
Nor4	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721216	_	_
Nor5	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721217	_	_
Nor6	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721218	_	_
Nor7	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721219	_	_
Nor8	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721220	_	_
Nor9	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721221	_	_
Nor10	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721222	_	_
Nor11	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721223	_	_
Nor12	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721224	_	_
Nor13	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721225	_	_
Nor15	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721227	_	_
Nor16	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721228	_	_
Nor18	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721230	_	_
Nor19	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721231	_	_
Nor20	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721232	_	_
Nor21	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721233	_	_
Nor22	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721234	_	_
Nor23	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721235	_	_
Nor24	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721236	_	_
Nor25	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721237	_	_
Nor26	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721238	_	_
Nor27	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721239	_	_
Nor28	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721240	_	_
Nor29	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721241	_	_
Nor30	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721242	_	_
Nor31	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721243	_	_
Nor32	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721244	_	_
Nor33	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721245	_	_
Nor34	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721246	_	_
Nor35	N. kaouthia	Nakhon Sawan, Thailand	MK721247	_	_
Cen1	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721248	_	_
Cen2	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721249	_	_
Cen3	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721250	_	_
Cen4	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721251	_	_
Cen5	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721252	_	_
Cen6	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721253	_	_
Cen7	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721254	_	_
Cen8	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721255	_	_
Cen9	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721256	_	_
Cen10	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721257	_	_
Cen11	N. kaouthia	Sukhothai, Thailand	MK721258	_	_
Cen12	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721259	_	_
Cen13	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721260	_	_
Cen14	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721261	_	_
Cen15	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721262	_	_
Cen16	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721263	_	_
Cen17	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721264	_	_
Cen18	N. kaouthia	Saraburi, Thailand	MK721265	_	_
Cen19	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721266	_	_
Cen20	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721267	_	_
Cen21	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721268	_	_
Cen22	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721269	_	_
Cen23	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721270	_	_
Cen24	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721271	_	_
Cen25	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721272	_	_
Cen26	N. kaouthia	Bangkok, Thailand	MK721273	_	_
Cen27	N. kaouthia	Samut Prakan, Thailand	MK721274	_	_
Cen28	N. kaouthia	Samut Prakan, Thailand	MK721275	_	_
Sou1	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721276	_	_
Sou2	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721277	_	_
Sou3	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721278	_	_
Sou4	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721279	_	_
Sou5	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721280	_	_
Sou6	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721281	_	_
Sou7	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721282	_	_
Sou8	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721283	_	_
Sou9	N. kaouthia	Ranong, Thailand	MK721284	_	_
Sou10	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721285	_	_
Sou11	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721286	_	_
Sou12	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721287	_	_
Sou13	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721288	_	_
Sou14	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721289	_	_
Sou15	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721290	_	_
Sou16	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721291	_	_
Sou17	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721292	_	_
Sou18	N. kaouthia	Phattalung, Thailand	MK721293	_	_
Sou19	N. kaouthia	Trang, Thailand	MK721294	_	_
Sou20	N. kaouthia	Prachuap Kiri Khan, Thailand	MK721295	_	_
Isl1	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721296	_	_
Isl2	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721297	_	_
Isl3	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721298	_	_
Isl4	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721299	_	_
Isl5	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721300	_	_
Isl6	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721301	_	_
Isl7	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721302	_	_
Isl8	N. kaouthia	Pha Ngan Island, Thailand	MK721303	_	_
NE1	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721304	_	_
NE2	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721305	_	_
NE3	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721306	_	_
NE4	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721307	_	_
NE5	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721308	_	_
NE6	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721309	_	_
NE7	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721310	_	_
NE8	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721311	_	_
NE9	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721312	_	_
NE10	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721313	_	_
NE11	N. fuxi	Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	MK721314	_	_
I01CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100953	_	_
I02CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100954	_	_
I03CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100955	_	_
I04CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100956	_	_
I05CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100957	_	_
I06CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100958	_	_
I07CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100959	_	_
I08CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100960	_	_
I09CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100961	_	_
I10CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100962	_	_
I11CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100963	_	_
I12CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100964	_	_
I13CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100965	_	_
I14CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100966	_	_
I16CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100968	_	_
I17CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100969	_	_
I18CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100970	_	_
I19CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100971	_	_
I20CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100972	_	_
I21CYTB	N. fuxi	Sakaerat, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100973	_	_
I22CYTB	N. fuxi	Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand	ON100974	_	_
I24CYTB	N. fuxi	Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei, Thailand	ON100975	_	_
I25CYTB	N. fuxi	Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei, Thailand	ON100976	_	_
I26CYTB	N. fuxi	Phon Phisai, Nong Khai, Thailand	ON100977	_	_
I27CYTB	N. fuxi	Phon Phisai, Nong Khai, Thailand	ON100978	_	_
W01CYTB	N. fuxi	Phop Phra, Tak, Thailand	ON100979	_	_
W02CYTB	N. fuxi	Phop Phra, Tak, Thailand	ON100980	_	_
W03CYTB	N. fuxi	Mae Ramat, Tak, Thailand	ON100981	_	_
W04CYTB	N. fuxi	Umphang, Tak, Thailand	ON100982	_	_
N01CYTB	N. fuxi	Bo Kluea, Nan, Thailand	ON100983	_	_
N02CYTB	N. fuxi	Pua, Nan, Thailand	ON100984	_	_
N03CYTB	N. fuxi	Lom Kao, Phetchabun, Thailand	ON100985	_	_
N04CYTB	N. fuxi	Mae Hong Son, Thailand	ON100986	_	_
N05CYTB	N. fuxi	Mae Fa Luang, Chiang Rai, Thailand	ON100987	_	_
N06CYTB	N. fuxi	Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, Thailand	ON100988	_	_
N07CYTB	N. fuxi	Mueang Pan, Lampang, Thailand	ON100989	_	_
N.S	N. fuxi	Quang Tri, Vietnam	JN709999	_	_