Plant Oil Nano-Emulsions as a Potential Solution for Pest Control in Sustainable Agriculture Author D., AmanY Author Elham, Abd-Elnabi · Author El-saWY, Abdel Fattah Vegetable and Aromatic Plant Insects Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt Author Mohamed, El-saWY · Author BadaWY, E. I. Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, 21545 - El-Shatby, Alexandria, Egypt Author Keywords, BadaWY Abstract text Neotropical Entomology 2025 35 2025-01-30 54 1 35 35 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-024-01243-5 journal article 310176 10.1007/s13744-024-01243-5 b4a346af-dfde-42d8-b067-324d78b60319 1678-8052 PMC11782356 39885108 15557695

Table 6 Insecticidal effect of tested oils and their nano-emulsions on the 4th larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis under laboratory conditions

Compounds	LD a (ppm) 50	Confidence limits		LD b(ppm) 90	Confidence limits		Slopec ± SE	Interceptd ±SE	(χ 2)e
aLD median lethal dose (dose which caused 50% mortality of the treated larvae) 50 bSlope of the concentration—mortality regression line ±standard error cLD dose causing 90% death for the treated larvae 90 dIntercept of the regression line ±S.E eChi-square value
		Lower	Upper		Lower	Upper
Purslane oil	90.61	7.78	11.77	520.29	330.01	1300.89	1.74 ±0.31	−1.71 ±0.32	0.29
Purslane oil nano-emulsion	55.35	45.08	64.19	154.64	129.51	202.08	2.87 ±0.38	−5.00 ±0.73	0.91
Radish oil	140.89	10.68	31.05	2820.38	800.17	33,907.76	1.00 ±0.30	−1.18 ±0.31	0.78
Radish oil nano-emulsion	123.06	113.12	134.31	221.39	195.29	262.38	5.02 ±0.47	−10.50 ±0.98	0.71
Rosemary oil	120.07	10.73	13.75	310.43	250.13	430.95	3.08 ±0.35	−3.34 ±0.37	0.81
Rosemary oil nano-emulsion	113.05	102.15	125.72	247.97	209.76	313.79	3.76 ±0.38	−7.71 ±0.77	0.32