Revision of Eocene electric rays (Torpediniformes, Batomorphii) from the Bolca Konservat-Lagerst atte, Italy, reveals the first fossil embryo in situ in marine batoids and provides new insights into the origin of trophic novelties in coral reef fishes
Author
Marram ̀, Giuseppe
University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna;
Author
Claeso, Kerin M.
Author
Carneval, Giorgio
Author
Kriwe, Jurgen
text
Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
2018
2017-09-21
16
14
1189
1219
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1371257
journal article
292440
10.1080/14772019.2017.1371257
28ee917e-dee2-4131-943b-5f516eed144a
1478-0941
PMC6130837
30210265
10883262
EDD6E170-CA64-4FFB-8DD1-AED2D61D5504
Table 1. Morphometric data for all examined specimens of † Titanonarke Carvalho, 2010 from the Eocene Monte Postale site, Bolca Lagerst¨atte. Abbreviations (see the morphological scheme in the Supplemental material): AOW, antorbital cartilage width; CFL, caudal fin length; CFD, caudal fin depth; CLO, clasper length; CPD, caudal peduncle depth; D1B, first dorsal fin base length; D2B, second dorsal fin base length; DCS, dorsal caudal space; DL, disc length; DW, disc width; HL, head length; IDS, interdorsal space; MOW, mouth width; P2A, pelvic fin anterior margin length; P2B, pelvic fin base length; P2S, pelvic fin span; PCS, space from pelvic fin insertion to the caudal fin origin; PD1, predorsal distance up to the first dorsal fin; PD2, predorsal distance up to the second dorsal fin; PDI, pelvic fin insertion to first dorsal fin origin; PDO, pelvic fin origin to first dorsal fin origin; PGW, snout tip to the level of the greatest disc width; PIW, body width at pectoral fin insertions; POR, preoral length; PP2, prepelvic length; SL, standard length; TAL, tail length; TBW, tail base at pelvic fin origin; TL, total length. | | | | † Titanonarke molini (Jaekel, 1894) | | | † Titanonarke megapterygia sp. nov. |
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| MGP-PD 26275/6 | MCSNV IG.VR.67290 | MCSNV IG.91128/9 | MCSNV IG.135581 | MCSNV IG.VR.91359 | MCSNV IG.135576 |
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| Measurements | mm | % SL | mm | % SL | mm | % SL | mm % SL | mm | % SL | mm | % SL |
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| AOW | 206.6 | 25.3 | 217.4 | 29.0 | 196.2 | 23.1 | 26.1 | – | 28.1 | 28.4 | 174.2 | 27.8 |
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| CFL | 80.9 | 9.9 | – | – | 75.0 | 8.8 | – | – | – | – | 97.4 | 15.6 |
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| CFD | 28.4 | 3.5 | – | – | 26.1 | 3.1 | – | – | – | – | 36.0 | 5.8 |
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| CLO | – | – | – | – | 70.5 | 8.3 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| CPD | 20.2 | 2.5 | 25.5 | 3.4 | 15.9 | 1.9 | – | – | 2.3 | 2.3 | 13.7 | 2.2 |
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| D1B | – | – | 64.6 | 8.6 | 56.6 | 6.7 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| D2B | 50.0 | 6.1 | 47.9 | 6.4 | 51.3 | 6.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| DCS | 140.2 | 17.2 | 109.8 | 14.6 | 119.3 | 14.0 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| DL | 353.1 | 43.2 | 341.2 | 45.5 | 371.6 | 43.7 | 33.8 | – | 42.8 | 43.2 | 334.5 | 53.4 |
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| DW | 387.0 | 47.4 | 406.6 | 54.2 | 347.8 | 40.9 | – | – | 56.3 | 56.9 | 349.8 | 55.9 |
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| HL | 178.1 | 21.8 | 172.5 | 23.0 | 204.4 | 24.0 | 22.2 | – | 23.6 | 23.8 | 171.8 | 27.4 |
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| IDS | – | – | 53.6 | 7.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
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| MOW | 80.6 | 9.9 | 99.9 | 13.3 | 95.5 | 11.2 | 13.6 | – | 12.7 | 12.8 | 87.1 | 13.9 |
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| P2A | 77.2 | 9.5 | 103.1 | 13.7 | 88.7 | 10.4 | – | – | 8.1 | 8.2 | 141.6 | 22.6 |
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| P2B | 134.6 | 16.5 | 108.3 | 14.4 | 81.3 | 9.6 | – | – | 11.7 | 11.8 | 107.9 | 17.2 |
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| P2S | 206.8 | 25.3 | 208.5 | 27.8 | – | – | – | – | 23.7 | 23.9 | 211.9 | 33.8 |
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| PCS | 356.0 | 43.6 | 358.5 | 47.8 | – | – | – | – | 44.9 | 45.4 | 241.7 | 38.6 |
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| PD1 | – | – | 468.1 | 62.4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| PD2 | 632.3 | 77.4 | 586.3 | 78.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| PDI | – | – | 83.1 | 11.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| PDO | – | – | 181.3 | 24.2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
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| PGW | 198.4 | 24.3 | 187.2 | 25.0 | 195.2 | 23.0 | – | – | 23.7 | 23.9 | 172.2 | 27.5 |
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| PIW | 150.3 | 18.4 | 173.7 | 23.2 | 180.3 | 21.2 | – | – | 22.1 | 22.3 | 173.0 | 27.6 |
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| POR | 73.0 | 8.9 | 62.6 | 8.3 | 85.4 | 10.0 | 7.7 | – | 9.6 | 9.7 | 56.2 | 9.0 |
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| PP2 | 328.5 | 40.2 | 307.3 | 41.0 | 348.4 | 41.0 | 34.8 | – | 44.4 | 44.8 | 299.0 | 47.7 |
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| SL | 816.8 | 100.0 | 750.2 | 100.0 | 850.4 | 100.0 | – | – | 99.0 | 100.0 | 626.2 | 100.0 |
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| TAL | 493.5 | 60.4 | 436.8 | 58.2 | 502.0 | 59.0 | – | – | 55.4 | 56.0 | 318.3 | 50.8 |
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| TBW | 94.8 | 11.6 | 109.7 | 14.6 | 132.7 | 15.6 | – | – | 13.2 | 13.3 | 103.5 | 16.5 |
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| TL | 897.7 | 109.9 | – | – | 925.4 | 108.8 | – | – | – | – | 722.6 | 115.4 |
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