Morphology of immatures of the thelytokous ant, Monomorium triviale Wheeler (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Solenopsidini) with descriptions of the extraordinary last-instar queen larvae Author Idogawa, Naoto Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 - 8502, Japan. Author Gotoh, Ayako Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering and Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, 8 - 9 - 1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658 - 8501, Japan. Author Dobata, Shigeto Department of General Systems Studies, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153 - 8902, Japan. text Zootaxa 2022 2022-03-03 5105 2 253 268 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5105.2.5 1175-5326 6332669 710E1F19-60FF-4B0A-AFF2-7D6A7256CB5C

TABLE 4. Previously reported unusual larval structures. References cited: 1, Masuko 1989; 2, Masuko 2019; 3, Taylor 1965; 4, Wheeler 1918; 5, Villet et al. 1990; 6, Petralia & Vinson; 1979; 7, Taylor 1967; 8, Wheeler & Wheeler 1971; 9, Peeters & Hölldobler 1992; 10, Fox et al. 2017; 11, Wheeler & Wheeler 1966; 12, Shattuck 1992; 13, Solis et al. 2010b; 14, Eidmann 1926; 15, Menozzi 1930; 16, Casevitz-Weulersse 1984.

Subfamily	Segment	Position	Structure	Caste	Instar	Function	Genera	References
Leptanillinae	abdominal	dorsal	duct-like opening	-	last	trophallaxis	Leptanilla	1
Proceratiinae	abdominal	dorsal	slit-like openings	-	last	trophallaxis	Proceratium	2
		posterodorsal	sucker-like appendage	-	-	attachment	Probolomyrmex	3
Pseudomyrmecinae	thoracic, abdominal	ventral	large protuberance	-	all	trophallaxis	Tetraponera	4
Ponerinae	abdominal	ventral	single conical tubercle	worker	late	trophallaxis	Platythyrea	5
			protuberances	-	-	food holding	Odontomachus, Pachycondyla, Leptogenys	6
		dorsal	paired doorknob tubercles	-	varies	support, attachment	Brachyponera, Cryptopone, Hypoponera, Odontomachus, Ponera, Myopias, Simopelta, Belonopelta	7, 8, 9, 10
Dolichoderinae	abdominal	dorsal	no-paired tubercles	worker	all	-	Froggattella	11, 12
			single tubercle	worker	all	-	Linepithema	12, 13
		posterodorsal	single tubercle	worker	-	-	Tapinoma	11, 12
Myrmecinae	abdominal	lateral	well-developed dilatations	queen?	late	-	Crematogaster	14, 15, 16
	thoracic, abdominal	lateral, dorsal	doorknob-like tubercles	queen	last	-	Monomorium	This study
	thoracic, abdominal	ventral	boss-shaped protuberances	queen	last	-	Monomorium	This study