Life in darkness: an overview of cave-adapted japygids (Hexapoda, Diplura) Author Sendra, Alberto 11636BAE-AE66-4898-A7C8-35B329E7E3A8 Colecciones Entomológicas Torres-Sala, Servei de Patrimoni Històric, Ajuntament de València, Passeig de la Petxina 15, 46008 València, Spain. & Departament de Didàctica de les Ciències Experimentals i Socials, Facultat de Magisteri, Universitat de València, Avda. Tarongers 4, 46022 València, Spain. & Universidad de Alcalá, Research Team on Soil Biology and Subterranean Ecosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Campus Universitario Crta. A- 2 Km 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. alberto.sendra@uv.es Author Sánchez-García, Alba 86DFDA66-BEC1-428A-A7B0-E90FCFFABCE3 CN Instituto Geológico y Minero de España-CSIC, València, Spain. alba.sanchez@igme.es Author Hoch, Hannelore 38BAFA8B-2C1B-4C84-9107-27D257570B5B Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum f ̧ r Naturkunde, Humboldt-University, Invalidenstr. 43, D- 10115 Berlin, Germany & Hannelore. Hannelore.Hoch@mfn.berlin Author Jiménez-Valverde, Alberto E31ADC69-98EE-46CB-87E2-5B27B53FF107 Universidad de Alcalá, Research Team on Soil Biology and Subterranean Ecosystems, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Campus Universitario Crta. A- 2 Km 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. alberto.jimenezv@uah.es Author Selfa, Jesús C01B4FA6-6C5C-4DDF-A114-2B06D8FE4D20 Laboratori d’Investigació d’Entomologia, Departament de Zoologia, Universitat de València, C / Dr Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain. jesus.selfa@uv.es Author Moutaouakil, Soumia 3E9AF62C-F23B-4B76-B734-05FDBA87C84D Museum of Natural History of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco. moutaouakil.soumia@gmail.com Author Preez, Gerhard Du Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University; Private Bag X 6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. & Gerhard. Gerhard.DuPreez@nwu.ac.za Author Millar, Ian Department of Conservation, Nelson, New Zealand (Retired). two-millars@slingshot.co.nz Author Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil. drops@ufla.br text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-09-29 894 1 1 54 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2287/9877 journal article 272973 10.5852/ejt.2023.894.2287 d3af5432-00a0-4ba8-aea4-a65adb38d00b 2118-9773 8388995 11C1DFE4-02F2-4FEA-BAD1-ACCAEA3590DB

Table 2 (continued on next page). Morphological features of cave-dwelling species of Japygidae Haliday, 1864 compared to soil-dwelling species of the same genus.

Cave and non-cave species	Body shape	Body length	Antennomeres number	antennae/ body length ratio	placoid sensilla on preapical antennomere	placoid sensilla on apical antennomere	length/wide Labial palp ratio	Legs III reaching urotergite	length/wide urite 10 th ratio	length/wide cerci ratio	References
(1) Elongated antennomeres, apical almost 4 times longer than wide from the original description (Silvestri 1928) (2) “Legs relatively long” from the original description (Silvestri 1928) (3) “Labial palpus conical, much longer than wide, …” from the original description (Muegge 1992) (4) No data in the original description (Pagés 1952) (5) Uncertain ratio; it has been estimated using length of their telescoping antennae (6) Old fashioned description without such sensilla observation (7) Didn’t mentioned in the references
Austrjapyx leleupi Pagés, 1952	elongated	6	30	(4)	without	14	2.6×	(4)	0.8	1.4	Pagés 1952
Austrjapyx wynbergensis Sendra & Sánchez- García sp. nov.	elongated	8.8–15	31	0.3 (5)	without	10	5.3×	4th	1.3	1.4
non-cave Austrjapyx species	non elongated	5.2–18	28–45	0.2–0.48	without	8	2×	short legs	0.94–1.126	0.90–1	Silvestri 1948a; Smith & González 1964
Burmjapyx inferus (Carpenter, 1932)	sligtly elongated	17	32	(7)	on several	10	3×	4th	1.0	1.3	Pagés 1977a
non-cave Burmjapyx species	non elongated	9.5–15	28–32	3.3–4.5	without	6	(7)	4th	0.76–0.97	0.98–1.24	Chou & Chen 1983; Silvestri 1930b;
											Pagés 2000
Gollumjapyx smeagol Sendra & Ortuño, 2006	elongated	21	55	0.56	penultimate	14–16	5.4×	10th	1.4	1.5	Sendra et al. 2006
Homojapyx espanoli Pagés, 1950	elongated	15	36	(7)	without	8	2×	3rd	1.5	1.2	Pagés 1950
Imazighenjapyx marocanus Sendra & Sánchez-García gen. et sp. nov.	elongated	26	41	0.33	without	24	4×	3rd	1.1	1.1
Kohjapyx lindbergi Pagés, 1962	elongated	24	40	(7)	without	12	3.6×	(7)	2.0	1.5	Pagés 1962
non-cave Kohjapyx species	non elongated	12–14	32–34	(7)	without	8	(7)	(7)	1	0.98–1.18	Pagés 1962
Metajapyx moroderi patrizianus Pagés, 1953	elongated	13	28	(7)	without	8	3×	3rd	1.5	1.3	Pagés 1953a, 1964
Metajapyx peanoi Pagés, 1980	elongated	21	37	(7)	without	8	3.25 ×	(7)	1.3	1.38	Pagés 1980a
non-cave Metajapyx species	non elongated to slightly elongated	4.5–15	28–38	0.19–0.33	without	6 to 8	2–3 ×	4th	0.93–1.18	1.09–1.27	Ewing & Fox 1942; Paclt 1957b; Pagés 1953b, 1954b, 1978, 1983, 1993; Silvestri 1912, 1929a, 1933a,1934, 1948b, 1948c, 1948d; Smith & Bolton 1964
Mixojapyx reddelli Muegge, 1992	elongated	48	53	0.60	Antepenultimate & penultimate	12	(3)	6th	1.2	1.3	Muegge 1992
non-cave Mixojapyx species	non elongated	3.6–24	28–46	0.28–0.4	without	6 to 8	2.2×	3rd to 4th	0.79–1.2	1–1.05	Ewing & Fox 1942; Muegge 1992; Pagés 1977b; Silvestri 1933b, 1948b
Muggenjapyx brehieri Sendra & Komerički, 2021	elongated	23	36	0.39	on several	16–18	3.7×	5th	1.25	1.5	Sendra et al. 2021
Occasjapyx kofoidi (Silvestri, 1928)	elongated	22	26	0.36	(6)	(1)	4.2×	(2)	1.3	1.3	Silvestri 1928
Non-cave Occasjapyx species	non- elongated	10.5–20	24–27	0.25–0.30	without	6	3×	–	0.96–1.2	1–1.2
Opisthjapyx primihominis Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov.	elongated	27.5	49	0.35	penultimate	16-18	3.2×	3rd	1.20	1.08	Allen 1988; Chou 1966; Chou & Chen 1983; Silvestri 1948b; Smith 1959; Xie & Yang 1991
Non-adapted Opisthtjapyx species	non elongated	17	33–36	0.23	without	(6)	short	(7)	1.20	1.0	Silvestri 1929b
Teljapyx aotearoa Sendra & Sánchez-García sp. nov.	elongated	27.5–29	32	0.50–0.55	without	16-18	3.7×	5th-6th	1.42	1.32
non-adapted Teljapyx species	non elongated	14–37	30–52	0.23–0.29	without	6	3×	(7)	1–1.2	1.23–1.0	Gonzalez & Smith, 1964; Silvestri, 1948a; Smith, 1962
Troglojapyx hauseri Pagés, 1980	elongated	5.9 young	38	(7)	without	21	3.6	3rd	1.2	1.4	Pagés, 1980b