Four new large Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) earthworms from Brazil Author Dudas, Rafaela Tavares Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Juvevê, 80035 - 0050, Brazil Author Feijoo, Alexander 0000-0002-5226-5233 afeijoo@utp.edu.com Author Brown, George G. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Juvevê, 80035 - 0050, Brazil & Embrapa Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km 111, Caixa Postal 319, CEP 83411 - 000, Colombo-PR, Brazil text Zootaxa 2025 2025-02-19 5589 1 301 320 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25 journal article 308233 10.11646/zootaxa.5589.1.25 d9e66b8e-0bf2-4970-a938-cd6b48d3e254 1175-5326 14897090 B60DAC01-27B5-4950-B44F-E41D843549BA

TABLE 1. Comparison of characters of the new species of Glossoscolex itatiaiaensis sp. nov., Glossoscolex anaclaudiae sp. nov.,, Glossoscolex demeijeri sp. nov., and Glossoscolex demetrioi sp. nov. (in bold) with different species of the giganteus group— Glossoscolex giganteus giganteus, Glossoscolex paulistus, Glossoscolex robustus, Glossoscolex amomee, Glossoscolex klossae, Glossoscolex montagneri, Glossoscolex giganteus australis, Glossoscolex umijae and Glossoscolex wiengreeni — and comparison with species from the truncatus group— Glossocolex truncatus, Glossosocolex bondari, Glossosocolex corderoi, Glossoscolex pampas, Glosssoscolex pastivus and Glossoscolex cardosoi.

Genus	Species	Author	Length	Segments	Setal ratio	Clitellum	Male	Calciferous	Test sacs	Septa 12/13/14	Last	Seminal vesicle	Copulatory
......continued on the next page
* type species of each group (giganteus and truncatus).
			(mm)				pore	gland			hearts		bulbs
Glossoscolex	giganteus	Leuckart	305–630	311–576	16:5:6:5:19	saddle, 15–24	18/19	pear shaped,	pair — 12	7/8/9/10	12	elongate flatted,	17/18–20/21
(Glossoscolex)	giganteus*	1836						12				11–12
Glossoscolex	paulistus	Michaelsen,	285–300	337–375	87:4:20:3:95	saddle, 15–23	18/19	-	unpaired,	6/7-10/11-11/12	-	irregularly, 111	reniform,
		1926							rectangular,				17,18–23
									11
Glossoscolex	robustus	Cernosvitov,	320	422	-	saddle, 15–27	18/19	elongated, 11	unpaired,	6/7, 10/11	semi-	elongated, thin,	long, ovoid
		1938							ventrally, 11		enclosed	13/14-26,27
Glossoscolex	amomee	Righi, 1971	230–400	282–406	42:6:21:3:52	saddle, 15–	18/19	12 (12–14)	pair, ventrally	6/7, 10/11	11	12–14	piriform,
						23,24			united, 11				18–20
Glossoscolex	klossae	Righi, 1972	410	393	45.5:3:13:3:99:91.2	saddle, 15–25	18/19	11	pair, ventrally	6/7, 8/9. 10/11	11	strip, 12–26,28	cylindrical,
									united, 12				17/18–18/19
Glossoscolex	montagneri	Righi, 1972	330–410	353–472	25:10:9:10:51.5:67	saddle, 15–23	18/19	pair,	pair,U form	6/7, 10/11	11	band-shaped,	tubular,
								composite-				reach 36	17/18, 19/20
								tubular, 12
Glossoscolex	giganteus	Righi, 1978	660	549	9:1:3.3:0.9:13.5	saddle, 15–	18/19	12	pair, ventrally	6/7, 8/9. 10/11	free, 11	elongate, fold and	ovoid, 18–20
	australis					23,24			united, 11			lobed, 12–16
Glossoscolex	umijiae	Righi, 1979	457	348	14.6:1:2.8:0.9:45.2	saddle, 15–23	18/19	ovoid, 12	pair, 11	4/5, 5/, 10/11	free	large, fold,	undefined
												lobulated, 12–17	form, 17–21
Glossoscolex	wiengreeni	(Michaelsen,	-	-	47:3.5:12:3:118	saddle, 15–23	18/19	pair, 11	-	-	-	12–14	ovoid, 17/18,
		1997)											22/23
Glossoscolex	itatiaiaensis	Dudas,	211–417	268–461	14.2:1.4:2.6:1.6:14.6	saddle, 14–23	18/19, B	pair,	pair—11	7/8/9/10	11	bags that	oval shape—
	sp. nov.	Feijoo &					line	tubular—12				stretches in two	18/19/20/21
		Brown, 2025										lines—12
Glossoscolex	demeijeri	Dudas,	334–367	196–371	5.7:0.6:4.3:0.8:6.3	saddle, 15–23	18/19,	pair,	large pair—	7/8/9/10	12	folded bags	pair, bean
	sp. nov.	Feijoo &					AB line	tubular	11			12–16	shaped—
		Brown, 2025						composite—					18/19/20
								12-1/3 13
			(mm)				pore	gland			hearts		bulbs
Glossoscolex	demetrioi	Dudas,	298–528	231–364	17.5:0.9:9.9:0.8:18.4	saddle, 14–24	18/19, B	pair,	pair—12	6/7/8/9/10/11,	11	bag shaped—	pair, oval—
	sp. nov.	Feijoo &					line	tubular,		14/15/16		12–26	16/17/18/19
		Brown, 2025						below
								seminal
								vesicle—12
Glossoscolex	truncatus*	(Rosa, 1895)	80–160	200–300	-	annular, 16–25	17	12	pair, U form,	-	enclosed	tubular long,	oval long,
									11			11,12–18	17–18
Glossoscolex	bondari	Michaelsen,	180–215	400–426	16.4:1:4.3:1:18.4	annular, 1/2	17	ovoid, 12	ventrally, 11	4/5, 6/7, 10/11	11	long strands with	reniform,
		1926				13,14,15–23						small irregular	16–19
												lobules, 12–67,
												110
Glossoscolex	corderoi	Righi, 1968	216–315	-	15.7:1:4.2:1:18:23	saddle, 15–22	17	piriform, 12	pair, 11	6/7, 10/11	11	irregularly lobed,	large ovoid,
												12–14	17
Glossoscolex	pampas	Bartz &	143–244	198–352	4.4:0.1:1:0.1:6.3	saddle, 15-1/2	17	egg shaped,	unpaired, 11	develop, united	enclosed	tubular long,	short oval,
		James, 2018				22,22		12				11,12–18	15–18
Glossoscolex	pastivus	Bartz &	126–134	194–209	5.7:0.2:1:0.1:8.8	saddle, 15–22	17	oval to	pair short U	simple	enclosed	large lobulated,	flattaned
		James, 2018						rouded, 12	form, fused			11–12	short oval,
									with SV				16—1/3 19
Glossoscolex	cardosoi	Feijoo &	192–237	314–363	15.3:1:3.3:0.8:14.7	saddle, 15–	17	ovoid, 12	unpaired, 11	6/7–9/10	11	12 only	bean-shaped,
		Brown, 2023				23,24							18
Glossoscolex	anaclaudiae	Dudas,	177–223	254–338	3.4:0.4:1.7:0.6:5.3	saddle, 14–24	17, B	pair,	pair—11	6/7/8/9/10,	11	small, on top of	pair, oval—
	sp. nov.	Feijoo &					line	composite-		15/16/17		the gut—11–15	15/16/17/18
		Brown, 2025						tubular—12