| | | Stems thinner; flowers smaller (12–18 mm), |
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| Ph. nana (Noë ex Rchb.) Soják (1972: 140) | more patent; corollas somewhat humped A rather common species across the area, subapically, less open, often more colourful, superficially similar, with a wide range of mostly with the corners of the mouth visible in lateral annual hosts. view; lip lobes elliptic, entire; style usually |
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| | | subglabrous. |
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| Ph. lainzii J. Gómez Nav. et al. (2012: 17) | Similar to Ph. nana but unknown in France, as well as its host, Cleonia lusitanica (L.) L. | Smaller flowers (16–20 mm), with entire or slightly erose lobes; stamen filaments basally covered with short hairs. |
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| | | Flowers smaller (15–19 mm); lower lip lobes |
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| Ph. oxyloba (Reut.) Soják (1972: | Superficially similar; unclear relations with | divergent and plicate, entire or sometimes |
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| 130) | | western Mediterranean species. | shallowly toothed; corolla less open, usually |
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| | | less than 90º. |
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| Ph. mutelii (F.W. Schultz) Pomel (1874: 106) | Superficially similar; mainly parasitic on Asteraceae, but reliably recorded on plants from other families. | Stems thinner; flowers more erect; lower lip lobes obtuse, rounded, somewhat erose, rarely shallowly toothed; style usually subglabrous. |
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| | | Calyx with much longer segments; stigma |
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| | Rather common species across the area, | yellowish; stem taller, unbranched, more |
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| Ph. cernua Pomel (1874: 105) | occurring in similar environments, but seemingly pigmented; corollas grayish blue, strongly |
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| | always parasitic on Lactuca. | curved dorsally; lower lip lobes elliptic, entire, |
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| | | convergent; style and filaments glabrous. |
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| Ph. brassicae (Novopokr.) Soják (1972: 129) | A synanthropic plant, often attacking fields of Brassicaceae. | Corollas ascending, narrower, straight, pale; inflorescences dense; filaments subglabrous except a few short hairs at base. |
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| Ph. aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel (1874: 107) | A synanthropic southern Mediterranean plant, allegedly sometimes attacking fields of Brassicaceae. | Plants often much-branched; corollae ascending, much larger in regard of the calyx (to 37 mm); corolla lip lobes entire. |
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| Ph. ramosa (L.) Pomel (1874: | A synanthropic plant, allegedly sometimes | Plants often much-branched; flowers small; |
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| 103) | | attacking fields of Brassicaceae. | corolla lip lobes entire. |
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| Ph. gussoneana (Lojac.) Domina et al. (2018: 209) | Described from limestone Mediterranean mountains (Sicily), mistakenly recorded from southern France. | Plants more pigmented throughout; inflorescence denser, somewhat club-like; corollas smaller (c. 15 mm); lower lip lobes divergent, rhomboidal, entire. |
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