<document tableId="DF59FF8EBE4E5309FF015BFDFBD6FF7F" sourceDocId="FFB66668BE445303FF995B6AFFFFFFAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15159689" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15159689" captionStart="TABLE 4" checkinTime="1737645526677" checkinUser="jonas" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" updateTime="1743874421358" updateUser="ExternalLinkService"><mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <mods:titleInfo>
        <mods:title>Deciphering a Chilean harvestmen enigma: what is Parabalta bicornis (Gervais, 1849) comb. nov. (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae: Pachylinae)</mods:title>
    </mods:titleInfo>
    <mods:name type="personal">
        <mods:role>
            <mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
        </mods:role>
        <mods:namePart>Acosta, Luis E.</mods:namePart>
    </mods:name>
    <mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
    <mods:relatedItem type="host">
        <mods:titleInfo>
            <mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
        </mods:titleInfo>
        <mods:part>
            <mods:date>2025</mods:date>
            <mods:detail type="pubDate">
                <mods:number>2025-01-03</mods:number>
            </mods:detail>
            <mods:detail type="volume">
                <mods:number>5563</mods:number>
            </mods:detail>
            <mods:detail type="issue">
                <mods:number>1</mods:number>
            </mods:detail>
            <mods:extent unit="page">
                <mods:start>193</mods:start>
                <mods:end>208</mods:end>
            </mods:extent>
        </mods:part>
    </mods:relatedItem>
    <mods:location>
        <mods:url>https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.13</mods:url>
    </mods:location>
    <mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
    <mods:identifier type="CLB-Dataset">307825</mods:identifier>
    <mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5563.1.13</mods:identifier>
    <mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">776811a5-5b12-4352-82aa-00e6f132ab0d</mods:identifier>
    <mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
    <mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">14595841</mods:identifier>
    <mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7D773EDB-D1D9-4322-B2E3-3992B54CDA1F</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<table id="DF59FF8EBE4E5309FF015BFDFBD6FF7F"><caption pageId="10" pageNumber="203" startId="10.[152,244,151,175]" targetType="table"><emphasis bold="true" box="[152,270,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">TABLE 4.</emphasis> Comparison of diagnostic characters between male <taxonomicName _evidence="statusLabel" _step="species1" authorityName="Acosta" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[827,1028,151,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis" status="comb. nov."><emphasis box="[827,1028,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">Parabalta bicornis</emphasis></taxonomicName> <taxonomicNameLabel box="[1035,1153,151,175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel> versus <taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1233,1320,151,175]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reedii"><emphasis box="[1233,1320,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. reedii</emphasis></taxonomicName> (<emphasis box="[1336,1363,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">cf.</emphasis> PérezGonzález <emphasis box="[259,312,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">et al.</emphasis> 2022: fig. 2) and <taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" baseAuthorityName="Roewer" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[503,645,187,211]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristobalia"><emphasis box="[503,645,187,211]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. cristobalia</emphasis></taxonomicName> (<emphasis box="[660,687,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">cf.</emphasis> <bibRefCitation author="Roewer, C. F." box="[693,839,188,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" pagination="12 - 68" refId="ref12253" refString="Roewer, C. F. (1943) Uber Gonyleptiden. Weitere Weberknechte (Arachn., Opil.) XI. Senckenbergiana biologica, 26 (1 - 3), 12 - 68." type="journal article" year="1943">Roewer 1943</bibRefCitation>: pl. 2, figs. 14, 14 a).</caption><thead><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A5B89FA6EFF50"><th id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A5B89FDFDFF50"/><th box="[591,977,227,251]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD65B89FC2EFF50" pageId="10" pageNumber="203"><taxonomicName _evidence="catalogs" _step="species1" authorityName="Acosta" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[591,784,227,251]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FDD65B89FCEFFF50" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis"><emphasis bold="true" box="[591,784,227,251]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FDD65B89FCEFFF50" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">Parabalta bicornis</emphasis></taxonomicName></th><th box="[1019,1425,227,251]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC625B89FA6EFF50" pageId="10" pageNumber="203"><emphasis bold="true" box="[1019,1425,227,251]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FC625B89FA6EFF50" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203"><taxonomicName _evidence="catalogs" _step="species1" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1019,1187,227,251]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FC625B89FB5CFF50" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reedii">Parabalta reedii</taxonomicName> / <taxonomicName _authorityPlausibility="0.7826358" _evidence="catalogs" _step="species1" authority="Cx IV" authorityName="Cx IV" box="[1206,1425,227,251]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FB2F5B89FA6EFF50" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristobalia">Parabalta cristobalia</taxonomicName></emphasis></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A5A66FA6EFE8F"><th box="[163,514,268,292]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A5A66FDFDFE8F" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">Cx IV: prolateral apophysis</th><td box="[591,977,268,292]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD65A66FC2EFE8F" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">bifid, short, diagonally oriented</td><td box="[1019,1425,268,292]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC625A66FA6EFE8F" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">simple, curved tip, points backwards</td></tr><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A5A5EFA6EFE3F"><th box="[163,514,308,404]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A5A5EFDFDFE3F" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">TrIV: prolateral apophysis</th><td box="[591,977,308,404]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD65A5EFC2EFE3F" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">small, ax-like</td><td box="[1019,1425,308,404]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC625A5EFA6EFE3F" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">bilobate, distal lobe is short and parallel to border (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1126,1209,344,368]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FBFF5A33FB46FEDB" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reedii"><emphasis box="[1126,1209,344,368]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FBFF5A33FB46FEDB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. reedii</emphasis></taxonomicName>) or large, finger-like, pointing sideways (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" box="[1268,1403,380,404]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FB6D5A17FA84FE3F" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristobalia"><emphasis box="[1268,1403,380,404]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FB6D5A17FA84FE3F" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. cristobalia</emphasis></taxonomicName>)</td></tr><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A5ACEFA6EFDAE"><th box="[163,514,420,517]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A5ACEFDFDFDAE" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">TrIV: apical prodorsal finger-like apophysis</th><td box="[591,977,420,517]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD65ACEFC2EFDAE" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">large, oriented upwards, inclined medially</td><td box="[1019,1425,420,517]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC625ACEFA6EFDAE" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">oriented sideways, either short (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FADF5ACFFBCAFE4B" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reedii"><emphasis id="B9527314BE4E5309FADF5ACFFBCAFE4B" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. reedii</emphasis></taxonomicName>), or long and parallel to the former apophysis (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" box="[1211,1345,492,516]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FB225A87FABEFDAF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristobalia"><emphasis box="[1211,1345,492,516]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FB225A87FABEFDAF" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. cristobalia</emphasis></taxonomicName>)</td></tr><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A597FFA6EFD86"><th box="[163,514,533,557]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A597FFDFDFD86" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">FeIV: prodorsal basal apophyses</th><td box="[591,977,533,557]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD6597FFC2EFD86" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">1–2, conic + acute granules</td><td box="[1019,1425,533,557]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC62597FFA6EFD86" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">none</td></tr><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A5957FA6EFD36"><th box="[163,514,573,669]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A5957FDFDFD36" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">FeIV: retrodorsal apophysis</th><td box="[591,977,573,669]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD65957FC2EFD36" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">large; followed by small apophyses of decreasing size</td><td box="[1019,1425,573,669]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC625957FA6EFD36" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">either large (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1148,1231,573,597]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FBE55954FB30FDFE" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reedii"><emphasis box="[1148,1231,573,597]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FBE55954FB30FDFE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. reedii</emphasis></taxonomicName>) or small (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FAA65954FB96FDD2" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristobalia"><emphasis id="B9527314BE4E5309FAA65954FB96FDD2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. cristobalia</emphasis></taxonomicName>), it is only followed by granulation on the medial side</td></tr><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A59C7FA6EFCA6"><th box="[163,514,685,781]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A59C7FDFDFCA6" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">FeIV: proventral row of tubercles / apophyses</th><td box="[591,977,685,781]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD659C7FC2EFCA6" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">only a row of tubercles, no subapical apophysis</td><td box="[1019,1425,685,781]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC6259C7FA6EFCA6" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">a large subapical apophysis pointing sideways, either alone or with 2–3 smaller ones in a row</td></tr><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A5877FA6EFC9D"><th box="[163,514,797,822]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A5877FDFDFC9D" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">PaIV: ventral acute apophyses</th><td box="[591,977,797,822]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD65877FC2EFC9D" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">two</td><td box="[1019,1425,797,822]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC625877FA6EFC9D" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">one (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1071,1153,797,821]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FBB65874FB7EFC9E" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reedii"><emphasis box="[1071,1153,797,821]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FBB65874FB7EFC9E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. reedii</emphasis></taxonomicName>) or two (<taxonomicName _evidence="catalog+fontStyle" _step="styledSpecies" box="[1249,1383,797,821]" class="Arachnida" family="Gonyleptidae" genus="Parabalta" id="4C26D485BE4E5309FB785874FA98FC9E" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="10" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristobalia"><emphasis box="[1249,1383,797,821]" id="B9527314BE4E5309FB785874FA98FC9E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">P. cristobalia</emphasis></taxonomicName>)</td></tr><tr id="3516AD44BE4EACFCFF3A582CFA6EFC0D"><th box="[163,514,838,934]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFF3A582CFDFDFC0D" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">Ti IV: ventral acute apophyses</th><td box="[591,977,838,934]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFDD6582CFC2EFC0D" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">one basal, three distal, a large gap in between (2–3 rudimentary tubercles may exist)</td><td box="[1019,1425,838,934]" id="76C7C438BE4EACFCFC62582CFA6EFC0D" pageId="10" pageNumber="203">one basal, three distal, in between one or two additional</td></tr></tbody></table></document>