Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean Author Van Soest, Rob W. M. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. Author Meesters, Erik H. W. G. Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl Author Becking, Leontine E. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. & Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, P. O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. E-mail: erik. meesters @ wur. nl & University of California Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management (ESPM), 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 - 3114, USA. E-mail: lebecking @ gmail. com text Zootaxa 2014 2014-10-29 3878 5 401 443 journal article 5247 10.11646/zootaxa.3878.5.1 5247e933-3152-40d5-ae19-cce84a3dad7f 1175-5326 4948908 11145FA0-2CB5-460A-B7A6-9A634C778982
TABLE 2. Additional species collected during Dives 1–4 of the ‘Curasub’ submarine at Klein Curaçao and Bonaire, not described in the text. Information is given in four columns: (1) ‘Species, specimens, figures’ presenting taxonomic names, author, collection numbers, and figure numbers, (2) ‘Shape, color and size’, (3) ‘skeletal data’, including spicule size range, (4) ‘depth’ of collection.
orders, species, specimens, figuresshape, color and sizeskeletal data (measurements um)depth (m)
Astrophorida
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Characella aspera (Sollas, 1886)folded cup-shaped massescalthrops with cladi 250–400 x 30, oxeas up to 4.5 mm x 100–130159
RMNH Por.9230(field nr. 27), Por. 9231 (36), Por. 9259 (04)amphiasters up to 20, abundant microxeas 225 x 5,
Figures 21a,a1rare centrotylote microxeas 20–30 x 1–2
Lithistida
Theonella atlantica Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988arborescent, with rounded blunt branches, orange,desma skeleton, layer of ectosomal phyllotriaenes, carried by bundles of oxeotes,120–130
RMNH Por. 9223 (field nr. 24), Por. 9224 (25)height 4-6cm, stalk 1.5cm diameter, branches 1cmphyllotriaenes with cladomes 380–475, rhabdomes 120–180x20–25
Figure 21boxeotes (strongyle-, style-, oxea-like) up to 700x6, in bundles of 3–5 desmas with smooth shaft and arms, 350x50, ectosomal microrhabds 8–15
Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880coalescent group of tubes, beige-white,desma skeleton, layer of ectosomal discotriaenes, carried by bundles of oxeotes,120
RMNH Por. 9225 (field nr. 26)height 11–12cm, tube diameter 1cmdiscotriaenes with cladomes175–200, rhabdomes 45–150x15–20,
Figure 21coxeotes up to 420x8, in bundles of up to 15,
desmas with smooth shaft, up to 550x40, microrhabds (1) 14–18 (2) 40–45
Corallistes typus Schmidt, 1870cup-shaped, dirty white to pale brown,desma skeleton, layer of ectosomal dichotriaenes,166–195
RMNH Por. 9228 (field nr. 30), Por. 9229 (34)height up to 10cm, diameter 11cm, thickness 1cmdichotriaenes with cladomes 260–300x30, rhabdomes 300x30
Figure 21doxeotes up to 1200x5, spirasters 15–30, tuberculate desmas 500x90
Aciculites cribrophora (Schmidt, 1880)lumpy mass with covered by papillae, pale brown,desma skeleton with ectosomal cover of acanthostrongyles,233
RMNH Por. 9226 (field nr. 29), Por. 9227 (52)height 6cm, diameter 3-4cm, papillae 2-3mmacanthostrongyles 200–270x10–12,
Figures 21e,e1desmas with smooth shaft, up to 300x35
Gastrophanella implexa Schmidt, 1870club-shaped with central oscules, beige,desmas, cladome 250–300 x 30–40,140-141
RMNH Por. 9211 (field nr. 7), Por. 9212 (15)3cm high, 3cm diametermonactines with spined apices 360–400 x 4.5–7.5
Figures 21f, f1
Daedalopelta nodosa (Schmidt, 1879)small lobe, beige, 1 cmdesma skeleton, layer of ectosomal pseudophyllotriaenes, with142
RMNH Por. 9218 (field nr. 17)cladome 300 µm, rhabdome 65–85x5–8
Figure 21goxeas 380 x 2, smooth shafted desmas 350x18,
amphiasters 20
Neopelta perfecta Schmidt, 1880globular, papillate, orange, 4x4x4cmdesma skeleton, layer of ectosomal pseudodiscotriaenes,119
RMNH Por. 9232 (field nr. 43)pseudodiscotriaenes 270–350, desmas 600x40, smooth shafts,
Figure 21hspined fusiform microrhabds 60x2, amphiasters 6–10
Leidoermatium lynceus Schmidt, 1870cup-shaped, strongly folded walls in larger specimensdesma skeleton, thin wispy oxeotes at surface,177–242
RMNH Por. 9258 (field nr. 3), Por. 9236 (56), Por. 9237 (63) Figure 21iheight 6–10cm, width 5–20cm, walls 0.5cm thickdesmas 200x20–25, with shaft and arms provided with sharp tubercles
Poecilosclerida
Hamacantha (H.) sp.pink crust on Aplysillatangential surface membrane,150
RMNH Por. 9222a (field nr. 21)oxeas 180–220 x 5, diancistras 80–90, sigmas 18–20
Figure 21j
Halichondrida
Phakellia folium Schmidt, 1870orange thin-walled cup,reticulation of styles and sinuous strongyles,99
RMNH Por. 9233 (field nr.45)5cm high, 5cm diameterstyles 130–400x4–6, strongyles 420–480x4–9
Figure 21k
Spongosorites ruetzleri (Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988)massive, smooth surface, pale brown, 10x8x4 cmoxeas in confusion, surface crust,148–152
RMNH Por. 9220 (field nr. 19), Por. 9244 (22), Por. 9221 (38) Figure 22athree size categories 70x2, 200x8, 500x13
Topsentia pseudoporrecta Díaz et al. 1993turnip-shaped, with fistules, pale brown,oxeas in confusion,243
RMNH Por. 9235 (field nr. 50)20 cm high, 20 cm diameterthree size categories, 1300–1400x66, 800x35, 500x20
Figure 22b
Agelasida Agelas flabelliformi s (Carter, 1883)thin bladed form, orange, 8x7x0.5cmprimary fibers cored 1-3 spicules, 50µm,110
RMNH Por. 9217 (field nr. 14)secondary fibers uncored, 35 µm, meshes 100-150 µm,
Figure 22cverticillated acanthostyles 110-170x5-8µm (11-15 verticils)
Haplosclerida
Siphonodictyon viridescens (Schmidt, 1880)group of long thin fistules sticking out from bottom,tight-meshed reticulation of spicule bundles247
RMNH Por.9238 (field nr. 61)whitish turquoise, up to 16 cm high, 1 cm diameterwith meshes 120–200, bundles 3–8 spicules,
Figure 22dspicules thick abruptly pointed oxeas, 225–245x18–19
Dendroceratida Aplysilla sp.conulose crustpithed dendritic fibers, rising up from dead bryozoan substratum,150
RMNH Por. 9222b (field nr. 21)1200-3500 x 40-–70
Figure 21j
Hexactinellida
Dactylocalyx pumiceus Stutchbury, 1841cup-shaped, with fringed rim and fenestrated sides,dictyonine skeleton, tuberculate fused hexactines,134–170
RMNH Por. 9213 (field nr. 10), Por. 9214 (11)diameter 8-15cm, height up to 14 cmwith meshes 150–350,
Por. 9215 (16), Por. 9216 (32), Por. 9256 (01)dermal and atrial hexactines and pentactines, rays 150-300 x 2-3,
Figure 22egiant pentactines and hexactines, shaft invariably broken, 2–8 mm x 30–60, large intermediate pentactines, ray 750x10,
discohexasters (rare onychexasters) 30-65
Cyrtaulon sigsbeei (Schmidt, 1880)irregular-cylindrical, clathrate structure,dictyonine skeleton, tuberculated fused hexactines, globular nodes140
RMNH Por. 9219 (field nr. 18)dirty white, 3x2x2 cmwith meshes 50-300, beams 250–300x35–50,
Figure 22fpentactines with pointed rays 200x2, sixth distal ray knobbed
uncinates with central swelling, 390–500x2
cyrtaulon spicules (tylodiscohexaster), aster radius 90–100, shaft up to 250, discohexasters 35-40
Verrucocoeloidea liberatorii Reiswig & Dohrmann, 2014mushroom shape, dirty white, white zoanthids,dictyonine skeleton, tuberculated fused hexactines, globular nodes223
RMNH Por. 9234 (field nr. 46)6 cm high, 4 cm diameter, stalk 2 x 1.5 cmwith meshes 120–250 µm, beams 20–60 µm,
Fugures 22g, g1, g2pentactinal rays 130–225 x 5–9, hexactinal rays 140–155 x 5–7
µm, uncinates 1160–2280 x 7–14 µm
tyloscopules in two sizes 370–570 x 4–7 and 190–315 x 2–4 µm,
discohexasters 35–50 µm, oxyhexasters 45–65 µm