Fossil snakes of the Penny Creek Local Fauna from Webster County, Nebraska, USA, and the first record of snakes from the Early Clarendonian (12.5 - 12 Ma) of North America Author Jacisin Iii, John J. Author Lawing, A. Michelle text Palaeontologia Electronica 2024 a 2 27 1 1 42 http://dx.doi.org/10.26879/1220 journal article 295848 10.26879/1220 046c2f0d-62aa-4c9e-81a0-98d93b11ca7a 1094-8074 10962250

APPENDIX TABLE 1. List of Middle Miocene-Pliocene fossil snakes from Nebraska and their localities. A dagger symbol (†) indicates an extinct taxon or group.

Locality	NALMA	Geologic Age	Taxon	Genus or Group
Bn-118	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Dakotaophis greeni †	Dakotaophis †
Bn-118	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Lampropeltis similis †	Lampropeltis
Bn-118	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Heterodon tiheni †	Heterodon
Bn-118	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Bn-118	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata †	Salvadora
Bn-118	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Bn-121	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Bn-121	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata †	Salvadora
Bn-121	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Dakotaophis greeni †	Dakotaophis †
Bw-106	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Natricidae sp. indet.	Natricidae sp. indet.
Bw-106	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Colubrinae sp. indet.	Colubrinae sp. indet.
Bw-106	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Nebraskophis skinneri †	Nebraskophis †
Bw-106	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Natricidae sp. indet.	Natricidae sp. indet.
Bw-106	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Colubrinae sp. indet.	Colubrinae sp. indet.
Kp-101	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Natricidae sp. indet.	Natricidae sp. indet.
Kp-101	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Colubrinae sp. indet.	Colubrinae sp. indet.
Bn-11	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Bn-11	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Cr-12	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata †	Salvadora
Cr-12	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Neonatrix elongata †	Neonatrix †
Cr-12	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Colubrinae sp. indet.	Colubrinae sp. indet.
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Salvadora sp.	Salvadora
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Salvadora sp.	Salvadora
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Heterodon sp.	Heterodon
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Pterygoboa miocenica †	Pterygoboa †
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Neonatrix sp. †	Neonatrix †
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Crotalus sp.	Crotalus
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Crotalinae sp. indet.	Crotalinae sp. indet.
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Fr-22	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Natricidae sp. indet.	Natricidae sp. indet.
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Heterodon tiheni †	Heterodon
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata †	Salvadora
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata †	Salvadora
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Nebraskophis skinneri †	Nebraskophis †
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Heterodon tiheni †	Heterodon
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Neonatrix elongata †	Neonatrix †
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Crotalinae sp. indet.	Crotalinae sp. indet.
Wt-15A	Barstovian 2	Middle Miocene	Micrurus sp.	Micrurus
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Neonatrix elongata †	Neonatrix †
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Neonatrix magna †	Neonatrix †
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Heterodon sp.	Heterodon
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis similis †	Lampropeltis
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Charina prebottae †	Charina
Wt-13B	Clarendonian 1	Late Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata	Salvadora
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Crotalinae sp. Indet.	Crotalinae sp. Indet.
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Ameiseophis robinsoni †	Ameiseophis †
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Heterodon tiheni †	Heterodon
Ap-116	Clarendonian 2	Late Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata †	Salvadora
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Tregophis sp. †	Tregophis †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Ogmophis † or Calamagras †	Ogmophis † or Calamagras †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Ogmophis † or Calamagras †	Ogmophis † or Calamagras †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Heterodon sp.	Heterodon
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Tregophis sp. †	Tregophis †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Ameiseophis sp. †	Ameiseophis †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Heterodon sp.	Heterodon
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Paracoluber sp. †	Paracoluber †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Coluber or Masticophis sp.	Coluber or Masticophis
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Ameiseophis sp. †	Ameiseophis †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis cf. L. getula	Lampropeltis
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) sp.	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis triangulum or L. similis †	Lampropeltis
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Micronatrix juliascottae †	Micronatrix †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Crotalinae sp. indet.	Crotalinae sp. indet.
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Crotalus sp.	Crotalus
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Agkistrodon sp.	Agkistrodon
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Tropidoclonion sp.	Tropidoclonion
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Neonatrix sp.	Neonatrix
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Nerodia hillmani †	Nerodia
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Pituophis sp.	Pituophis
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Texasophis sp. †	Texasophis †
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Opheodrys sp.	Opheodrys
Bw-123	Clarendonian 3	Late Miocene	Sistrurus sp.	Sistrurus
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Crotalus horridus	Crotalus
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Arizona sp.	Arizona
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Virginia sp.	Virginia
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Nebraskophis skinneri †	Nebraskophis †
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Crotalus sp.	Crotalus
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Agkistrodon sp.	Agkistrodon
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) kansensis †	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Salvadora paleolineata †	Salvadora
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Paracoluber sp. †	Paracoluber †
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Charina prebottae †	Charina
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Charina prebottae †	Charina
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Lichanura sp. indet.	Lichanura
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Colubrinae sp. indet.	Colubrinae sp. indet.
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Coluber or Masticophis sp.	Coluber or Masticophis
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis getulus	Lampropeltis
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis triangulum	Lampropeltis
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Thamnophis proximus	Thamnophis
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Thamnophis cyrtopsis	Thamnophis
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Thamnophis marcianus	Thamnophis
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Heterodon tiheni †	Heterodon
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Heterodon platyrhinos	Heterodon
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Heterodon sp.	Heterodon
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Neonatrix elongata †	Neonatrix †
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Nerodia hillmani †	Nerodia
Kh-101	Hemphillian 1	Late Miocene	Nerodia sp. indet.	Nerodia
Cn-106B	Hemphillian 2	Late Miocene	Colubrinae sp. indet.	Colubrinae sp. indet.
Cn-106B	Hemphillian 2	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp. Indet.	Thamnophis
Cn-106B	Hemphillian 2	Late Miocene	Heterodon tiheni †	Heterodon
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Heterodon platyrhinos	Heterodon
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Heterodon tiheni	Heterodon
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Heterodon nasicus	Heterodon
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Heterodon sp.	Heterodon
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sirtalis or proximus	Thamnophis
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Thamnophis marcianus	Thamnophis
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Crotalus sp.	Crotalus
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Coluber or Masticophis sp.	Coluber or Masticophis
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) guttata	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis triangulum	Lampropeltis
Ap-125	Hemphillian 3	Late Miocene	Pituophis melanoleucus	Pituophis
Kx-113	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Crotalus sp.	Crotalus
Kx-113	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis getulus	Lampropeltis
Kx-113	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis triangulum	Lampropeltis
Kx-113	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) guttata	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Coluber or Masticophis sp.	Coluber or Masticophis
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Heterodon sp.	Heterodon
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Thamnophis proximus	Thamnophis
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis sp.	Lampropeltis
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Lampropeltis getulus	Lampropeltis
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Pituophis melanoleucus	Pituophis
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) sp.	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) obsoleta	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Kx-111	Hemphillian 4	Late Miocene	Crotalus sp.	Crotalus
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis sirtalis	Thamnophis
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis radix	Thamnophis
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Nerodia sipedon	Nerodia
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Crotalus sp. indet.	Crotalus
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Lampropeltis triangulum	Lampropeltis
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Storeria sp. Indet.	Storeria
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Heterodon sp. Indet.	Heterodon
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Heterodon sp. Indet.	Heterodon
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) vulpina	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Gd-12	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) vulpina	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Natricidae sp. indet.	Natricidae sp. indet.
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Nerodia sipedon / hibbardi †	Nerodia
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Regina grahamii	Regina
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Sistrurus catenatus	Sistrurus
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Crotalus horridus	Crotalus
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Agkistrodon contortrix	Agkistrodon
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) vulpina	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) guttata	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Rheinocheilus lecontei	Rheinocheilus
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Coluber constrictor	Coluber
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Masticophis flagellum	Masticophis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Lampropeltis sp.	Lampropeltis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Lampropeltis doliata	Lampropeltis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Lampropeltis calligaster	Lampropeltis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Lampropeltis getulus	Lampropeltis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Heterodon platirhinos	Heterodon
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Heterodon nasicus	Heterodon
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis proximus	Thamnophis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis sirtalis	Thamnophis
Ap-103	Blancan 1	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis radix	Thamnophis
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Crotalus horridus	Crotalus
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Pantherophis (Elaphe) guttata	Pantherophis (Elaphe)
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Nerodia rhombifera	Nerodia
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Nerodia sp.	Nerodia
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Regina grahamii	Regina
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Nerodia sipedon / hibbardi	Nerodia
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Agkistrodon contortrix	Agkistrodon
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis proximus	Thamnophis
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis radix	Thamnophis
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis sirtalis	Thamnophis
Kx-127	Blancan 2	Early Pliocene	Thamnophis sp.	Thamnophis